Hardware notes:
- Arduino DUE
- Waveshare BME680, running in I2C mode (NB: SPI also available from this board)
- Arduino IDE 2.3.4
- Host O/S Linux MINT v21.3
Clearly I don't understand the IDE and programming language as well as I might. But I cannot seem to find a cogent answer to my problem...which is:
When compiling, I frequently get errors about missing 'header files', which (to my mind...) should be detectable by the IDE because they are in the same folder as the *.ino sketch itself. For an example,
loading library from /home/MyComputerName/Arduino/libraries/BME68X_Environmental_Sensor_code: invalid library: no header files foundloading library from /home/MyComputerName/Arduino/libraries/BOSCH_OEM_BME680: invalid library: no header files foundloading library from /home/MyComputerName/Arduino/libraries/FunctionGenerator: invalid library: no header files foundloading library from /home/MyComputerName/Arduino/libraries/RL78_Renesas: invalid library: no header files foundloading library from /home/MyComputerName/Arduino/libraries/newLCD: invalid library: no header files found
FQBN: arduino:sam:arduino_due_x_dbg
Using board 'arduino_due_x_dbg' from platform in folder: /home/MyComputerName/.arduino15/packages/arduino/hardware/sam/1.6.12
Using core 'arduino' from platform in folder: /home/MyComputerName/.arduino15/packages/arduino/hardware/sam/1.6.12
Detecting libraries used...
In file included from /home/MyComputerName/Arduino/libraries/BOSCH_OEM_BME680/examples/BSEC_Integration_Examples/examples/bsec_iot_example/bsec_iot_example.ino:78:0:
/home/MyComputerName/Arduino/libraries/BOSCH_OEM_BME680/examples/BSEC_Integration_Examples/examples/bsec_iot_example/bsec_integration.h:86:20: fatal error: bme68x.h: No such file or directory
#include "bme68x.h"
^
compilation terminated.
/home/MyComputerName/.arduino15/packages/arduino/tools/arm-none-eabi-gcc/4.8.3-2014q1/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ -c -g -Os -w -std=gnu++11 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -nostdlib -fno-threadsafe-statics --param max-inline-insns-single=500 -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -w -x c++ -E -CC -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -DF_CPU=84000000L -DARDUINO=10607 -DARDUINO_SAM_DUE -DARDUINO_ARCH_SAM -D__SAM3X8E__ -mthumb -DUSB_VID=0x2341 -DUSB_PID=0x003e -DUSBCON -DUSB_MANUFACTURER="Arduino LLC" -DUSB_PRODUCT="Arduino Due" -I/home/MyComputerName/.arduino15/packages/arduino/hardware/sam/1.6.12/system/libsam -I/home/MyComputerName/.arduino15/packages/arduino/hardware/sam/1.6.12/system/CMSIS/CMSIS/Include/ -I/home/MyComputerName/.arduino15/packages/arduino/hardware/sam/1.6.12/system/CMSIS/Device/ATMEL/ -I/home/MyComputerName/.arduino15/packages/arduino/hardware/sam/1.6.12/cores/arduino -I/home/MyComputerName/.arduino15/packages/arduino/hardware/sam/1.6.12/variants/arduino_due_x /home/MyComputerName/.cache/arduino/sketches/EA8B84D8023403BF592F10AD7F327F35/sketch/bsec_iot_example.ino.cpp -o /dev/null
Alternatives for bme68x.h: []
ResolveLibrary(bme68x.h)
-> candidates: []
exit status 1
Compilation error: bme68x.h: No such file or directory
The *.ino Sketch that caused this error is the one directly from Bosch (downloaded today). I tried versions of *.ino from Waveshare (and carefully made the changes they explicitly called for, to change the communication mode to i2c...but to no avail; I kept getting communication errors. I ran the Linux terminal command "sudo i2cdetect -y 1", which confirmed that there were no i2c devices connected anywhere!). So here is the Bosch *.ino
/**
* Copyright (C) Bosch Sensortec GmbH. All Rights Reserved. Confidential.
*
* Disclaimer
*
* Common:
* Bosch Sensortec products are developed for the consumer goods industry. They may only be used
* within the parameters of the respective valid product data sheet. Bosch Sensortec products are
* provided with the express understanding that there is no warranty of fitness for a particular purpose.
* They are not fit for use in life-sustaining, safety or security sensitive systems or any system or device
* that may lead to bodily harm or property damage if the system or device malfunctions. In addition,
* Bosch Sensortec products are not fit for use in products which interact with motor vehicle systems.
* The resale and/or use of products are at the purchaser's own risk and his own responsibility. The
* examination of fitness for the intended use is the sole responsibility of the Purchaser.
*
* The purchaser shall indemnify Bosch Sensortec from all third party claims, including any claims for
* incidental, or consequential damages, arising from any product use not covered by the parameters of
* the respective valid product data sheet or not approved by Bosch Sensortec and reimburse Bosch
* Sensortec for all costs in connection with such claims.
*
* The purchaser must monitor the market for the purchased products, particularly with regard to
* product safety and inform Bosch Sensortec without delay of all security relevant incidents.
*
* Engineering Samples are marked with an asterisk (*) or (e). Samples may vary from the valid
* technical specifications of the product series. They are therefore not intended or fit for resale to third
* parties or for use in end products. Their sole purpose is internal client testing. The testing of an
* engineering sample may in no way replace the testing of a product series. Bosch Sensortec
* assumes no liability for the use of engineering samples. By accepting the engineering samples, the
* Purchaser agrees to indemnify Bosch Sensortec from all claims arising from the use of engineering
* samples.
*
* Special:
* This software module (hereinafter called "Software") and any information on application-sheets
* (hereinafter called "Information") is provided free of charge for the sole purpose to support your
* application work. The Software and Information is subject to the following terms and conditions:
*
* The Software is specifically designed for the exclusive use for Bosch Sensortec products by
* personnel who have special experience and training. Do not use this Software if you do not have the
* proper experience or training.
*
* This Software package is provided `` as is `` and without any expressed or implied warranties,
* including without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
* purpose.
*
* Bosch Sensortec and their representatives and agents deny any liability for the functional impairment
* of this Software in terms of fitness, performance and safety. Bosch Sensortec and their
* representatives and agents shall not be liable for any direct or indirect damages or injury, except as
* otherwise stipulated in mandatory applicable law.
*
* The Information provided is believed to be accurate and reliable. Bosch Sensortec assumes no
* responsibility for the consequences of use of such Information nor for any infringement of patents or
* other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
* otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Bosch. Specifications mentioned in the Information are
* subject to change without notice.
*
* It is not allowed to deliver the source code of the Software to any third party without permission of
* Bosch Sensortec.
*
*/
/*!
* @file bsec_iot_example.ino
*
* @brief
* Example for using of BSEC library in a fixed configuration with the BME68x sensor.
* This works by running an endless loop in the bsec_iot_loop() function.
*/
/*!
* @addtogroup bsec_examples BSEC Examples
* @brief BSEC usage examples
* @{*/
/**********************************************************************************************************************/
/* header files */
/**********************************************************************************************************************/
#include "bsec_integration.h"
#include "commMux.h"
#include "bsec_selectivity.h"
#include <Wire.h>
String output;
uint32_t overflowCounter;
uint32_t lastTimeMS;
commMux communicationSetup[NUM_OF_SENS];
/**********************************************************************************************************************/
/* functions */
/**********************************************************************************************************************/
/*!
* @brief Write operation in either Wire or SPI
*
* param[in] reg_addr register address
* param[in] reg_data_ptr pointer to the data to be written
* param[in] data_len number of bytes to be written
* param[in] intf_ptr interface pointer
*
* @return result of the bus communication function
*/
int8_t bus_write(uint8_t reg_addr, const uint8_t *reg_data_ptr, uint32_t data_len, void *intf_ptr)
{
uint8_t dev_addr = *(uint8_t*)intf_ptr;
Wire.beginTransmission(dev_addr);
Wire.write(reg_addr); /* Set register address to start writing to */
/* Write the data */
for (int index = 0; index < data_len; index++) {
Wire.write(reg_data_ptr[index]);
}
return (int8_t)Wire.endTransmission();
}
/*!
* @brief Read operation in either Wire or SPI
*
* param[in] reg_addr register address
* param[out] reg_data_ptr pointer to the memory to be used to store the read data
* param[in] data_len number of bytes to be read
* param[in] intf_ptr interface pointer
*
* @return result of the bus communication function
*/
int8_t bus_read(uint8_t reg_addr, uint8_t *reg_data_ptr, uint32_t data_len, void *intf_ptr)
{
int8_t comResult = 0;
uint8_t dev_addr = *(uint8_t*)intf_ptr;
Wire.beginTransmission(dev_addr);
Wire.write(reg_addr); /* Set register address to start reading from */
comResult = Wire.endTransmission();
delayMicroseconds(150); /* Precautionary response delay */
Wire.requestFrom(dev_addr, (uint8_t)data_len); /* Request data */
int index = 0;
while (Wire.available()) /* The slave device may send less than requested (burst read) */
{
reg_data_ptr[index] = Wire.read();
index++;
}
return comResult;
}
/*!
* @brief System specific implementation of sleep function
*
* @param[in] t_us Time in microseconds
* @param[in] intf_ptr Pointer to the interface descriptor
*
* @return none
*/
void sleep_n(uint32_t t_us, void *intf_ptr)
{
delay(t_us / 1000);
}
/*!
* @brief Capture the system time in microseconds
*
* @return system_current_time current system timestamp in microseconds
*/
int64_t get_timestamp_us()
{
int64_t timeMs = millis() * 1000;
if (lastTimeMS > timeMs) /* An overflow occurred */
{
overflowCounter++;
}
lastTimeMS = timeMs;
return timeMs + (overflowCounter * INT64_C(0xFFFFFFFF));
}
/*!
* @brief Handling of the ready outputs
*
* @param[in] outputs output_t structure
* @param[in] bsec_status value returned by the bsec_do_steps() call
*
* @return none
*/
void output_ready(output_t *outputs, bsec_library_return_t bsec_status)
{
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
float timestamp_ms = outputs->timestamp/1e6;
output = String(outputs->sens_no) + ",";
output += String(timestamp_ms) + ", ";
#if (OUTPUT_MODE == CLASSIFICATION || OUTPUT_MODE == REGRESSION)
output += String(outputs->gas_estimate_1) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->gas_estimate_2) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->gas_estimate_3) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->gas_estimate_4) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->gas_accuracy_1) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->gas_accuracy_2) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->gas_accuracy_3) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->gas_accuracy_4) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->raw_pressure) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->raw_temp) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->raw_humidity) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->raw_gas) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->raw_gas_index) + ", ";
#elif (OUTPUT_MODE == IAQ)
output += String(outputs->iaq) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->iaq_accuracy) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->static_iaq) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->raw_temp) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->raw_humidity) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->temperature) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->humidity) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->raw_pressure) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->raw_gas) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->gas_percentage) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->co2_equivalent) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->breath_voc_equivalent) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->stabStatus) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->runInStatus) + ", ";
output += String(outputs->compensated_gas) + ", ";
#endif
output += String(bsec_status);
Serial.println(output);
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
}
/*!
* @brief Load previous library state from non-volatile memory
*
* @param[in,out] state_buffer buffer to hold the loaded state string
* @param[in] n_buffer size of the allocated state buffer
*
* @return number of bytes copied to state_buffer
*/
uint32_t state_load(uint8_t *state_buffer, uint32_t n_buffer)
{
// ...
// Load a previous library state from non-volatile memory, if available.
//
// Return zero if loading was unsuccessful or no state was available,
// otherwise return length of loaded state string.
// ...
return 0;
}
/*!
* @brief Save library state to non-volatile memory
*
* @param[in] state_buffer buffer holding the state to be stored
* @param[in] length length of the state string to be stored
*
* @return none
*/
void state_save(const uint8_t *state_buffer, uint32_t length)
{
// ...
// Save the string some form of non-volatile memory, if possible.
// ...
}
/*!
* @brief Load library config from non-volatile memory
*
* @param[in,out] config_buffer buffer to hold the loaded state string
* @param[in] n_buffer size of the allocated state buffer
*
* @return number of bytes copied to config_buffer
*/
uint32_t config_load(uint8_t *config_buffer, uint32_t n_buffer)
{
memcpy(config_buffer, bsec_config_selectivity, n_buffer);
return n_buffer;
}
/*!
* @brief Main function which configures BSEC library and then reads and processes the data from sensor based
* on timer ticks
*
* @return result of the processing
*/
void setup()
{
return_values_init ret;
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
/* Init I2C and serial communication */
Wire.begin();
commMuxBegin(Wire, SPI);
Serial.begin(115200);
delay(1000);
struct bme68x_dev bme_dev[NUM_OF_SENS];
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < NUM_OF_SENS; i++) {
/* Sets the Communication interface for the given sensor */
communicationSetup[i] = commMuxSetConfig(Wire, SPI, i/*SENS_NUM*/, communicationSetup[i]);
memset(&bme_dev[i],0,sizeof(bme_dev[i]));
bme_dev[i].intf = BME68X_SPI_INTF;
bme_dev[i].read = commMuxRead;
bme_dev[i].write = commMuxWrite;
bme_dev[i].delay_us = commMuxDelay;
bme_dev[i].intf_ptr = &communicationSetup[i];
bme_dev[i].amb_temp = 25;
/* Assigning a chunk of memory block to the bsecInstance */
allocateMemory(bsec_mem_block[i], i);
/* Call to the function which initializes the BSEC library
* Switch on low-power mode and provide no temperature offset */
ret = bsec_iot_init(SAMPLE_RATE, 0.0f, bus_write, bus_read, sleep_n, state_load, config_load, bme_dev[i], i);
if (ret.bme68x_status)
{
/* Could not initialize BME68x */
Serial.println("ERROR while initializing BME68x:"+String(ret.bme68x_status));
return;
}
else if (ret.bsec_status < BSEC_OK)
{
printf("\nERROR while initializing BSEC library: %d\n", ret.bsec_status);
return;
}
else if (ret.bsec_status > BSEC_OK)
{
printf("\nWARNING while initializing BSEC library: %d\n", ret.bsec_status);
}
}
bsec_version_t version;
bsec_get_version_m(bsecInstance, &version);
Serial.println("\nBSEC library version " + String(version.major) + "." + String(version.minor) + "." \
+ String(version.major_bugfix) + "." + String(version.minor_bugfix));
#if (OUTPUT_MODE == CLASSIFICATION || OUTPUT_MODE == REGRESSION)
String file_header = "\nSensor_No, Time(ms), Class/Target_1_prediction, Class/Target_2_prediction, Class/Target_3_prediction, Class/Target_4_prediction, Prediction_accuracy_1, Prediction_accuracy_2, Prediction_accuracy_3, Prediction_accuracy_4, Raw_pressure(Pa), Raw_Temperature(degC), Raw_Humidity(%rH), Raw_Gas(ohm), Raw_Gas_Index(num), Bsec_status";
#elif (OUTPUT_MODE == IAQ)
String file_header = "\nSensor_No, Time(ms), IAQ, IAQ_accuracy, Static_IAQ, Raw_Temperature(degC), Raw_Humidity(%rH), Comp_Temperature(degC), Comp_Humidity(%rH), Raw_pressure(Pa), Raw_Gas(ohms), Gas_percentage, CO2, bVOC, Stabilization_status, Run_in_status, Compensated_gas, Bsec_status";
#endif
Serial.println(file_header);
/* Call to endless loop function which reads and processes data based on sensor settings */
/* State is saved every 10.000 samples, which means every 10.000 * 3 secs = 500 minutes */
bsec_iot_loop(sleep_n, get_timestamp_us, output_ready, state_save, 10000);
}
void loop()
{
}
/*! @}*/
If anyone can help to point me in the correct direction, it would be much appreciated!
