I've found a byte func./variable in arduino code that doesn't exist in C/C++ .
byte is a type, not a function, not a variable. It DOES exist in C and C++, because there is a typedef statement buried on the Arduino header file structure that makes that name exist, based on some other standard type. Your job is to find that typedef statement. Looking for it will teach you a lot about the "behind-the-scenes" stuff you take for granted.