Can I have multiple HC-06 Bluetooth transceivers, receiving different signals?

I teach engineering/robotics to high schoolers. I'm trying to come up with an Arduino robotics kit that would have autonomous modes, but also remote-controlled modes. On a budget. I'm picturing bluetooth communication from laptops or Android phones, to the HC-06 transceiver. But, if I had two robots with those transceivers, would they both just receive whatever signal anybody was sending at the time? Is there a way to link Android 1 with Arduino/transceiver 1, and Android 2 with Arduino/transceiver 2? Any input appreciated. (Wifi options seem to get more expensive, so I'm trying to avoid it).

I think you are asking several different questions.

But, if I had two robots with those transceivers, would they both just receive whatever signal anybody was sending at the time?

No. Bluetooth comms is established by pairing. Pair means two - one talking and one listening.

Is there a way to link Android 1 with Arduino/transceiver 1, and Android 2 with Arduino/transceiver 2?

I think that's OK. An Arduino Mega has four hardware serial ports and you could conceivably put an HC-06 on each, and each paired with a different Android. A Uno has only one serial port, but you can fudge it using software serial.

You might find the following background notes useful

http://homepages.ihug.com.au/~npyner/Arduino/GUIDE_2BT.pdf
http://homepages.ihug.com.au/~npyner/Arduino/BT_2_WAY.ino

thanks for sharing