Programming port: ESP8266’s GND, RX, TX, 5V are respectively connected to the GND, TX, RX, 5V of the external TTL serial port module. IO0 needs to be connected to GND when downloading, and then disconnect the connection between IO0 and GND after the download is complete
Which is "standard" programming technique for ESP8266 boards, and implies that the needed pins ARE available to be attached to. You'll need a USB/Serial converter and a switch to do the IO0 manipulation, and it may not support "automatic" reset and upload when you you use the Arduino IDE button, but it should work with a little effort.
It's probably not the best "intro to using ESP8266 with Arduino" sort of board, though.