Replying instead of editing, new account so it won't let me attach two photos.
Adding some additional details, I put together a quick schematic to show my wiring, just in case there is an issue there. I'm about 90% sure that its correct, but I would appreciate a sanity check.
I also just confirmed that in loopback mode with the ACAN library I do receive messages. This is what I would expect as I can see the transmitted message on the RX pin, shown in my scope screenshot above. Despite this, it doesn't show up on the other side of the bus. My suspicion is this is some kind of arbitration issue between the two transceivers, but I've tried brand new breakouts for the SN65HVD230 boards and that hasn't resolved the issue, so unless my above schematic has an issue, I'm at a loss. My next guess is to try a TJA1050 with level converter to try and determine if its a voltage issue. I'll update once I've done that.