Feed the board with +12V from the AC/DC adapter (barrel jack or VIN). Let the on board regulator deal with the voltage spikes, it can easily power the board itself.
Feed all sensors, the display and the relay unit with +5V from the AC/DC adapter (redraw the relay unit to incorporate the +5V connection at the input side).
MIND THE COMMON GROUND. Voltage spikes propagate through the ground connections as easily as through the positive connections.
I tried setting up the system in this format, the system works just fine but the only problem now is that the pump has no power to draw the water it’s working but with no strength to draw water …. What could be causing that
Make sure you have the diode in the right direction.
Bad solder connections
Power supply doesn't have enough current
Pump not big enough
Water hoses too long
Wires too long
Pump damaged by running it dry