Control multiple parallel RGB LEDs with an external power source

I'm pretty new to this whole thing, but I think I managed to figure out just enough to be able to build what I need:

I want to control multiple RGB LEDs (not individually. there aren't enough ports supporting PWM for that...). There's a similar thread here (I've followed it - in my schematic there's only 1 LED, but following what goes on on the other thread, I know that I shouldn't group all the cathodes corresponding to the same color into 1 resistor, but give each one it's own resistor)

The problem is that I need more amperage than one can get from Arduino without going over the recommended limits, So I figured I'll just use a cellphone charger. Since I know very little about electronics, I looked it up, and found this:

So, switching out the battery with a cellphone charger (about 5v), both here and in my diagarm, I should get enough amps to connect multiple LEDs in parallel.

My Schematic:

(I'm assuming the voltage drop on the transistor is standard ~0.6V, Vf=2, 20mA for red, Vf=3.1, 15mA for green and blue in the LED)

My only concern is this: wiring two grounds together doesn't seem right. (Unless there's a diode which will prevent current flow from the ground maybe?)

So, will this work? Is my concern founded? If so, it there a simple way to fix this?

If I screwed it up too badly let me know, and I'll just buy normal grow lights and keep studying. I know this isn't the place to ask someone to do a project for you and I don't mean to do so.

Thank you!

The Grounds do all need to be connected together.
If you want to connect more with PWM capability, look at WS2803, can drive 6 RGB LEDs with individual 256 level PWM control.
Or, individual RGB LEDs with a controller each - both SMD and thru hole available.
https://www.sparkfun.com/search/results?term=ws2812
and at Adafruit
www.adafruit.com
Also google WS2812 (combined chip/LED) and WS2811 (chip only)

Adafruit calls them Neopixel, and there's a newer one called Dotstar that is more like WS2801 with separate clock & data for faster interfacing (see Adafruit for link to datasheet).

WS2803-preliminary-En.pdf (437 KB)

WS2801.pdf (423 KB)

Thanks! that's good to know. I just don't know what to google :frowning:

But looking it up it seems like it allows individual control over the LEDs, which is not what I need for this project - I'll be grouping the LEDs to 1, or at most 2 different groups, and all LEDs in the group should be the same color.

(Still going to get me one of those chips for another project though)

So just 'dumb' RGB LED strips then. Use a transistor/color to drive that color.
Check for LED strips at www.dipmicro.com
I think most will have 3 LEDs in series with a current limit resistor so less current is needed (each group of 3 LEDs will share the same 20mA).

Example with discrete LEDs
http://www.dipmicro.com/store/LS3528IP30-W60RGB-5M
Examples of RGB LED strips
https://www.superbrightleds.com/moreinfo/rgb-bars-and-strips/led-light-strips-with-rgbw-smd-leds-led-tape-light-with-advanced-color-blending-4-chip-rgbw-smd-led-5050/2296/#tab/Accessories/subtab/overview