FastLED and fadeToBlackBy

bhayss · January 29, 2023, 9:06pm

I am trying to incorporate this sketch into the second one. Both sketches work as expected, until I added the first to the second.

/// @file    RGBSetDemo.ino
/// @brief   Demonstrates how to create an LED group with CRGBArray
/// @example RGBSetDemo.ino

#include <FastLED.h>
#define NUM_LEDS 120

CRGBArray<NUM_LEDS> leds;


void setup() { 
  FastLED.addLeds<NEOPIXEL,3>(leds, NUM_LEDS); 
  randomSeed(analogRead(A0));
}
void loop(){
  int myVar=random(0,3);
  switch (myVar) {
  case 0:
  red();
  break;

  case 1:
  blue();
  break;

  case 2:
  white();
}
}
void red(){ 
  //static uint8_t hue;
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS/2; i++) {   
    // fade everything out
    leds.fadeToBlackBy(random(10,25));
 


    // let's set an led value
    leds[i] = CRGB(250,0,0);

    // now, let's first 20 leds to the top 20 leds, 
    leds(NUM_LEDS/2,NUM_LEDS-1) = leds(NUM_LEDS/2 - 1 ,0);
    FastLED.delay(random (2,30));
  }  
}

void blue(){ 
  //static uint8_t hue;
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS/2; i++) {   
    // fade everything out
    leds.fadeToBlackBy(random(10,25));

    // let's set an led value
    leds[i] = CRGB(0,0,250);

    // now, let's first 20 leds to the top 20 leds, 
    leds(NUM_LEDS/2,NUM_LEDS-1) = leds(NUM_LEDS/2 - 1 ,0);
    FastLED.delay(random(2,30));
  } 
}

void white(){ 
  //static uint8_t hue;
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS/2; i++) {   
    // fade everything out
    leds.fadeToBlackBy(random(10,25));

    // let's set an led value
    leds[i] = CRGB(250,250,250);

    // now, let's first 20 leds to the top 20 leds, 
    leds(NUM_LEDS/2,NUM_LEDS-1) = leds(NUM_LEDS/2 - 1 ,0);
    FastLED.delay(random(2,30));
  } 
}

#include <FastLED.h>

#define NUM_LEDS  120
#define LED_PIN   3
CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];
uint8_t data[ NUM_LEDS];


void setup() {
  delay(3000);
  FastLED.addLeds<WS2812B, LED_PIN, GRB>(leds, NUM_LEDS).setCorrection(TypicalLEDStrip);
  FastLED.setBrightness(100);
  FastLED.setMaxPowerInVoltsAndMilliamps(5, 1000);
  randomSeed(analogRead(A0));

}

void loop() {
  
  int seqVar = random(0, 9);

  //uint32_t period2 = .2 * 60000L;       // X minutes
    uint32_t period2 = random(10,20) * 1000L;       // X seconds
      for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2; )
      
  switch (seqVar) {
      
    case 0:
      //uint32_t period2 = .1 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      movingDotred();
      break;

    case 1:
      //uint32_t period2 = .2 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      movingDotwhite();
      break;

    case 2:
      //uint32_t period2 = .2 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      movingDotblue();
      break;

    case 3:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      phaseBeat();
      break;

    case 4:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      redwhitebluestripeswithglitter();
      break;

    case 5:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      RWBFadeInandOut();
      break;

    case 6:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      NewKITT(0xff, 0, 0, 35, 2, 50);
      NewKITT(0, 0, 0xff, 35, 2, 50);
      NewKITT(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 35, 2, 50);
      break;

    case 7:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      theaterChase(0xff, 0, 0, 70);
      theaterChase(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 70);
      theaterChase(0, 0, 0xff, 70);

    case 8:
      outsideinmeteors;

  }
}
void movingDotred() {
  uint16_t sinBeat = beatsin16(20, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);

  leds[sinBeat] = CRGB::Red;
  fadeToBlackBy(leds, NUM_LEDS, 10);
  FastLED.show();
}

void movingDotwhite() {
  uint16_t sinBeat = beatsin16(20, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);

  leds[sinBeat] = CRGB::White;
  fadeToBlackBy(leds, NUM_LEDS, 10);
  FastLED.show();
}
void movingDotblue() {
  uint16_t sinBeat = beatsin16(20, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);

  leds[sinBeat] = CRGB::Blue;
  fadeToBlackBy(leds, NUM_LEDS, 10);
  FastLED.show();
}



void phaseBeat() {
  //  uint8_t sinBeat   = beatsin8(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);
  //  uint8_t sinBeat2  = beatsin8(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 85);
  //  uint8_t sinBeat3  = beatsin8(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 170);

  // If you notice that your pattern is missing out certain LEDs, you
  // will need to use the higher resolution beatsin16 instead. In this
  // case remove the 3 lines above and replace them with the following:
  uint16_t sinBeat   = beatsin16(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);
  uint16_t sinBeat2  = beatsin16(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 21845);
  uint16_t sinBeat3  = beatsin16(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 43690);

  leds[sinBeat]   = CRGB::Blue;
  leds[sinBeat2]  = CRGB::Red;
  leds[sinBeat3]  = CRGB::White;

  fadeToBlackBy(leds, NUM_LEDS, 10);
  FastLED.show();
}

void redwhitebluestripeswithglitter() {
  fill_data_array();
  render_data_with_palette();
  add_glitter();

  FastLED.show();
  FastLED.delay(20);
}

void fill_data_array()
{
  static uint8_t startValue = 0;
  startValue = startValue + 2;

  uint8_t value = startValue;
  for ( int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    data[i] = triwave8( value); // convert value to an up-and-down wave
    value += 3;
  }
}


CRGBPalette16 gPalette (
  CRGB::Black, CRGB::Black,
  CRGB::Red,   CRGB::Red,  CRGB::Red,  CRGB::Red,
  CRGB::Gray,  CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray,
  CRGB::Blue,  CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue,
  CRGB::Black, CRGB::Black
);

void render_data_with_palette()
{
  for ( int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    leds[i] = ColorFromPalette( gPalette, data[i], 128, LINEARBLEND);
  }
}

void add_glitter()
{
  int chance_of_glitter =  10; // percent of the time that we add glitter
  int number_of_glitters = 10; // number of glitter sparkles to add

  int r = random8(100);
  if ( r < chance_of_glitter ) {
    for ( int j = 0; j < number_of_glitters; j++) {
      int pos = random16( NUM_LEDS);
      leds[pos] = CRGB::White; // very bright glitter
    }
  }
}

void RWBFadeInandOut() {
  FadeInOut(0xff, 0x00, 0x00); // red
  FadeInOut(0xff, 0xff, 0xff); // white
  FadeInOut(0x00, 0x00, 0xff); // blue
}
void setAll(byte red, byte white, byte blue) {
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++ ) {
    setPixel(i, red, white, blue);
  }
  FastLED.show();
}

void setPixel(int Pixel, byte red, byte white, byte blue) {

  leds[Pixel].r = red;
  leds[Pixel].g = white;
  leds[Pixel].b = blue;

}
void FadeInOut(byte red, byte green, byte blue) {
  float r, g, b;

  for (int k = 0; k < 256; k = k + 5) {
    r = (k / 256.0) * red;
    g = (k / 256.0) * green;
    b = (k / 256.0) * blue;
    setAll(r, g, b);
    FastLED.show();
  }

  for (int k = 255; k >= 0; k = k - 5) {
    r = (k / 256.0) * red;
    g = (k / 256.0) * green;
    b = (k / 256.0) * blue;
    setAll(r, g, b);
    FastLED.show();
  }
}

void NewKITT(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  RightToLeft(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  LeftToRight(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  OutsideToCenter(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  CenterToOutside(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  //  LeftToRight(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  //  RightToLeft(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  //  OutsideToCenter(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  //  CenterToOutside(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
}

void CenterToOutside(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  for (int i = ((NUM_LEDS - EyeSize) / 2); i >= 0; i--) {
    setAll(0, 0, 0);

    setPixel(i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(i + j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(i + EyeSize + 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);

    setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i - j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i - EyeSize - 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);

    FastLED.show();
    delay(SpeedDelay);
  }
  delay(ReturnDelay);
}

void OutsideToCenter(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  for (int i = 0; i <= ((NUM_LEDS - EyeSize) / 2); i++) {
    setAll(0, 0, 0);

    setPixel(i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(i + j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(i + EyeSize + 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);

    setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i - j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i - EyeSize - 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);

    FastLED.show();
    delay(SpeedDelay);
  }
  delay(ReturnDelay);
}

void LeftToRight(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS - EyeSize - 2; i++) {
    setAll(0, 0, 0);
    setPixel(i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(i + j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(i + EyeSize + 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    FastLED.show();
    delay(SpeedDelay);
  }
  delay(ReturnDelay);
}

void RightToLeft(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  for (int i = NUM_LEDS - EyeSize - 2; i > 0; i--) {
    setAll(0, 0, 0);
    setPixel(i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(i + j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(i + EyeSize + 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    FastLED.show();
    delay(SpeedDelay);
  }
  delay(ReturnDelay);
}

void theaterChase(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int SpeedDelay) {
  for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) { //do 10 cycles of chasing
    for (int q = 0; q < 3; q++) {
      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i = i + 3) {
        setPixel(i + q, red, green, blue);  //turn every third pixel on
      }
      FastLED.show();

      delay(SpeedDelay);

      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i = i + 3) {
        setPixel(i + q, 0, 0, 0);    //turn every third pixel off
      }
    }
  }
}

void outsideinmeteors(){
  int myVar=random(0,3);
  switch (myVar) {
  case 0:
  red();
  break;

  case 1:
  blue();
  break;

  case 2:
  white();
}
}
void red(){ 
  //static uint8_t hue;
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS/2; i++) {   
    // fade everything out
    leds.fadeToBlackBy(random(10,25));

    // let's set an led value
    leds[i] = CRGB(250,0,0);

    // now, let's first 20 leds to the top 20 leds, 
    leds(NUM_LEDS/2,NUM_LEDS-1) = leds(NUM_LEDS/2 - 1 ,0);
    FastLED.delay(random (2,30));
  }  
}

void blue(){ 
  //static uint8_t hue;
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS/2; i++) {   
    // fade everything out
    leds.fadeToBlackBy(random(10,25));

    // let's set an led value
    leds[i] = CRGB(0,0,250);

    // now, let's first 20 leds to the top 20 leds, 
    leds(NUM_LEDS/2,NUM_LEDS-1) = leds(NUM_LEDS/2 - 1 ,0);
    FastLED.delay(random(2,30));
  } 
}

void white(){ 
  //static uint8_t hue;
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS/2; i++) {   
    // fade everything out
    leds.fadeToBlackBy(random(10,25));

    // let's set an led value
    leds[i] = CRGB(250,250,250);

    // now, let's first 20 leds to the top 20 leds, 
    leds(NUM_LEDS/2,NUM_LEDS-1) = leds(NUM_LEDS/2 - 1 ,0);
    FastLED.delay(random(2,30));
  } 
}

I am getting errors relating to my two ways of calling fadeToBlackBy. I think it relates to how I am defining my array - I am stretching my knowledge here.
I have tried changing the first sketch to more closely match the second - just in terms of CRGBArray definition but i am falling down a rabbit hole. I have watched few fadeToBlack vids but they shed no light.
Can someone suggest a way to go? Should I try to change the first sketch to be compatible with the second - how, or modify the second sketch?
Thanks -

FernandoGarcia · January 29, 2023, 10:37pm

Show us your combined version of this codes.

bhayss · January 29, 2023, 10:56pm

It is the second sketch, with the addition of a "break;" at the end of case 7.
Case 8 is what I am adding. It is the first sketch shown.

FernandoGarcia · January 30, 2023, 2:14am

Code please.

bhayss · January 30, 2023, 2:38am

#include <FastLED.h>

#define NUM_LEDS  120
#define LED_PIN   3
CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];
uint8_t data[ NUM_LEDS];


void setup() {
  delay(3000);
  FastLED.addLeds<WS2812B, LED_PIN, GRB>(leds, NUM_LEDS).setCorrection(TypicalLEDStrip);
  FastLED.setBrightness(100);
  FastLED.setMaxPowerInVoltsAndMilliamps(5, 1000);
  randomSeed(analogRead(A0));

}

void loop() {
  
  int seqVar = random(0, 9);

  //uint32_t period2 = .2 * 60000L;       // X minutes
    uint32_t period2 = random(10,20) * 1000L;       // X seconds
      for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2; )
      
  switch (seqVar) {
      
    case 0:
      //uint32_t period2 = .1 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      movingDotred();
      break;

    case 1:
      //uint32_t period2 = .2 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      movingDotwhite();
      break;

    case 2:
      //uint32_t period2 = .2 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      movingDotblue();
      break;

    case 3:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      phaseBeat();
      break;

    case 4:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      redwhitebluestripeswithglitter();
      break;

    case 5:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      RWBFadeInandOut();
      break;

    case 6:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      NewKITT(0xff, 0, 0, 35, 2, 50);
      NewKITT(0, 0, 0xff, 35, 2, 50);
      NewKITT(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 35, 2, 50);
      break;

    case 7:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      theaterChase(0xff, 0, 0, 70);
      theaterChase(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 70);
      theaterChase(0, 0, 0xff, 70);
      break;

    case 8:
      outsideinmeteors;

  }
}
void movingDotred() {
  uint16_t sinBeat = beatsin16(20, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);

  leds[sinBeat] = CRGB::Red;
  fadeToBlackBy(leds, NUM_LEDS, 10);
  FastLED.show();
}

void movingDotwhite() {
  uint16_t sinBeat = beatsin16(20, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);

  leds[sinBeat] = CRGB::White;
  fadeToBlackBy(leds, NUM_LEDS, 10);
  FastLED.show();
}
void movingDotblue() {
  uint16_t sinBeat = beatsin16(20, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);

  leds[sinBeat] = CRGB::Blue;
  fadeToBlackBy(leds, NUM_LEDS, 10);
  FastLED.show();
}



void phaseBeat() {
  //  uint8_t sinBeat   = beatsin8(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);
  //  uint8_t sinBeat2  = beatsin8(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 85);
  //  uint8_t sinBeat3  = beatsin8(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 170);

  // If you notice that your pattern is missing out certain LEDs, you
  // will need to use the higher resolution beatsin16 instead. In this
  // case remove the 3 lines above and replace them with the following:
  uint16_t sinBeat   = beatsin16(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);
  uint16_t sinBeat2  = beatsin16(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 21845);
  uint16_t sinBeat3  = beatsin16(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 43690);

  leds[sinBeat]   = CRGB::Blue;
  leds[sinBeat2]  = CRGB::Red;
  leds[sinBeat3]  = CRGB::White;

  fadeToBlackBy(leds, NUM_LEDS, 10);
  FastLED.show();
}

void redwhitebluestripeswithglitter() {
  fill_data_array();
  render_data_with_palette();
  add_glitter();

  FastLED.show();
  FastLED.delay(20);
}

void fill_data_array()
{
  static uint8_t startValue = 0;
  startValue = startValue + 2;

  uint8_t value = startValue;
  for ( int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    data[i] = triwave8( value); // convert value to an up-and-down wave
    value += 3;
  }
}


CRGBPalette16 gPalette (
  CRGB::Black, CRGB::Black,
  CRGB::Red,   CRGB::Red,  CRGB::Red,  CRGB::Red,
  CRGB::Gray,  CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray,
  CRGB::Blue,  CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue,
  CRGB::Black, CRGB::Black
);

void render_data_with_palette()
{
  for ( int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    leds[i] = ColorFromPalette( gPalette, data[i], 128, LINEARBLEND);
  }
}

void add_glitter()
{
  int chance_of_glitter =  10; // percent of the time that we add glitter
  int number_of_glitters = 10; // number of glitter sparkles to add

  int r = random8(100);
  if ( r < chance_of_glitter ) {
    for ( int j = 0; j < number_of_glitters; j++) {
      int pos = random16( NUM_LEDS);
      leds[pos] = CRGB::White; // very bright glitter
    }
  }
}

void RWBFadeInandOut() {
  FadeInOut(0xff, 0x00, 0x00); // red
  FadeInOut(0xff, 0xff, 0xff); // white
  FadeInOut(0x00, 0x00, 0xff); // blue
}
void setAll(byte red, byte white, byte blue) {
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++ ) {
    setPixel(i, red, white, blue);
  }
  FastLED.show();
}

void setPixel(int Pixel, byte red, byte white, byte blue) {

  leds[Pixel].r = red;
  leds[Pixel].g = white;
  leds[Pixel].b = blue;

}
void FadeInOut(byte red, byte green, byte blue) {
  float r, g, b;

  for (int k = 0; k < 256; k = k + 5) {
    r = (k / 256.0) * red;
    g = (k / 256.0) * green;
    b = (k / 256.0) * blue;
    setAll(r, g, b);
    FastLED.show();
  }

  for (int k = 255; k >= 0; k = k - 5) {
    r = (k / 256.0) * red;
    g = (k / 256.0) * green;
    b = (k / 256.0) * blue;
    setAll(r, g, b);
    FastLED.show();
  }
}

void NewKITT(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  RightToLeft(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  LeftToRight(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  OutsideToCenter(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  CenterToOutside(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  //  LeftToRight(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  //  RightToLeft(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  //  OutsideToCenter(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  //  CenterToOutside(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
}

void CenterToOutside(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  for (int i = ((NUM_LEDS - EyeSize) / 2); i >= 0; i--) {
    setAll(0, 0, 0);

    setPixel(i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(i + j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(i + EyeSize + 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);

    setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i - j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i - EyeSize - 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);

    FastLED.show();
    delay(SpeedDelay);
  }
  delay(ReturnDelay);
}

void OutsideToCenter(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  for (int i = 0; i <= ((NUM_LEDS - EyeSize) / 2); i++) {
    setAll(0, 0, 0);

    setPixel(i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(i + j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(i + EyeSize + 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);

    setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i - j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i - EyeSize - 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);

    FastLED.show();
    delay(SpeedDelay);
  }
  delay(ReturnDelay);
}

void LeftToRight(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS - EyeSize - 2; i++) {
    setAll(0, 0, 0);
    setPixel(i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(i + j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(i + EyeSize + 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    FastLED.show();
    delay(SpeedDelay);
  }
  delay(ReturnDelay);
}

void RightToLeft(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  for (int i = NUM_LEDS - EyeSize - 2; i > 0; i--) {
    setAll(0, 0, 0);
    setPixel(i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(i + j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(i + EyeSize + 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    FastLED.show();
    delay(SpeedDelay);
  }
  delay(ReturnDelay);
}

void theaterChase(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int SpeedDelay) {
  for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) { //do 10 cycles of chasing
    for (int q = 0; q < 3; q++) {
      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i = i + 3) {
        setPixel(i + q, red, green, blue);  //turn every third pixel on
      }
      FastLED.show();

      delay(SpeedDelay);

      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i = i + 3) {
        setPixel(i + q, 0, 0, 0);    //turn every third pixel off
      }
    }
  }
}

void outsideinmeteors(){
  int myVar=random(0,3);
  switch (myVar) {
  case 0:
  red();
  break;

  case 1:
  blue();
  break;

  case 2:
  white();
}
}
void red(){ 
  //static uint8_t hue;
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS/2; i++) {   
    // fade everything out
    leds.fadeToBlackBy(random(10,25));
    
    // let's set an led value
    leds[i] = CRGB(250,0,0);

    // now, let's first 20 leds to the top 20 leds, 
    leds(NUM_LEDS/2,NUM_LEDS-1) = leds(NUM_LEDS/2 - 1 ,0);
    FastLED.delay(random (2,30));
  }  
}

void blue(){ 
  //static uint8_t hue;
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS/2; i++) {   
    // fade everything out
    leds.fadeToBlackBy(random(10,25));

    // let's set an led value
    leds[i] = CRGB(0,0,250);

    // now, let's first 20 leds to the top 20 leds, 
    leds(NUM_LEDS/2,NUM_LEDS-1) = leds(NUM_LEDS/2 - 1 ,0);
    FastLED.delay(random(2,30));
  } 
}

void white(){ 
  //static uint8_t hue;
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS/2; i++) {   
    // fade everything out
    leds.fadeToBlackBy(random(10,25));

    // let's set an led value
    leds[i] = CRGB(250,250,250);

    // now, let's first 20 leds to the top 20 leds, 
    leds(NUM_LEDS/2,NUM_LEDS-1) = leds(NUM_LEDS/2 - 1 ,0);
    FastLED.delay(random(2,30));
  } 
}

FernandoGarcia · January 30, 2023, 4:10pm

There's a ton of functions being called and you didn't functions prototype on top of your code for this reason you are getting errors like "function X was not declared on scope".

Before the setup try add all functions prototypes like this:

void fill_data_array();

void render_data_with_palette();

void add_glitter();

void FadeInOut(byte red, byte green, byte blue);

void setPixel(int Pixel, byte red, byte white, byte blue);

void RightToLeft(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay);

void LeftToRight(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay);

void OutsideToCenter(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay);

void CenterToOutside(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay);

void red();

void blue();

void white();

After the fix above I can see this errors:

src/main.cpp:315:38: error: too few arguments to function 'void fadeToBlackBy(CRGB*, uint16_t, uint8_t)'
     fadeToBlackBy(leds, random(10,25));
                                      ^
In file included from .pio/libdeps/mega2560/FastLED/src/FastLED.h:60:0,
                 from src/main.cpp:1:
.pio/libdeps/mega2560/FastLED/src/colorutils.h:248:6: note: declared here
 void fadeToBlackBy( CRGB* leds, uint16_t num_leds, uint8_t fadeBy);
      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
src/main.cpp:321:35: error: 'leds' cannot be used as a function
     leds(NUM_LEDS / 2,NUM_LEDS - 1) = leds(NUM_LEDS / 2 - 1,0);
                                   ^
src/main.cpp:321:62: error: 'leds' cannot be used as a function
     leds(NUM_LEDS / 2,NUM_LEDS - 1) = leds(NUM_LEDS / 2 - 1,0);
                                                              ^
src/main.cpp: In function 'void blue()':
src/main.cpp:332:10: error: request for member 'fadeToBlackBy' in 'leds', which is of non-class type 'CRGB [120]'
     leds.fadeToBlackBy(random(10,25));
          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
src/main.cpp:338:35: error: 'leds' cannot be used as a function
     leds(NUM_LEDS / 2,NUM_LEDS - 1) = leds(NUM_LEDS / 2 - 1,0);
                                   ^
src/main.cpp:338:62: error: 'leds' cannot be used as a function
     leds(NUM_LEDS / 2,NUM_LEDS - 1) = leds(NUM_LEDS / 2 - 1,0);
                                                              ^
src/main.cpp: In function 'void white()':
src/main.cpp:349:10: error: request for member 'fadeToBlackBy' in 'leds', which is of non-class type 'CRGB [120]'
     leds.fadeToBlackBy(random(10,25));
          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
src/main.cpp:355:35: error: 'leds' cannot be used as a function
     leds(NUM_LEDS / 2,NUM_LEDS - 1) = leds(NUM_LEDS / 2 - 1,0);
                                   ^
src/main.cpp:355:62: error: 'leds' cannot be used as a function
     leds(NUM_LEDS / 2,NUM_LEDS - 1) = leds(NUM_LEDS / 2 - 1,0);

Looks like you are using functions in wrong way.

leds.fadeToBlackBy(random(10,25));

From what I can see here the line below should be:

fadeToBlackBy(leds, random(10,25), some number);

I don't know this library very well so someone else could help you.

bhayss · January 30, 2023, 6:45pm

Yes, I've cleaned up the fadeToBlackBy commands, 3x.
I am now just getting the error message that deals with

Unless someone can help I may just have to keep pulling my hair out, or learn how to control leds!

What puzzles me is that the very first sketch I posted has that leds command, 3x, and it works great. As I have said, it must be how I am defining the array in the first sketch vs the second sketch.

FernandoGarcia · January 30, 2023, 6:49pm

Edit:

The problem is here:

CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];

Change to:

CRGBArray <NUM_LEDS> leds;

bhayss · January 30, 2023, 7:29pm

Boy, that was simple. Thanks. Now everything compiles - but, now when outsideinsidemeteors is called the strips freeze until the time is up, then resumes with the random function selection. In my pasted sketch I am only selecting sketch 7 or 8.
I wonder if it has something to do with a switch/case within a switch/case, or a random() within a random()?
PS - I have done nothing with your suggestion to clean up my functions prototype - not yet.

#include <FastLED.h>

#define NUM_LEDS  180
#define LED_PIN   3
//CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];
CRGBArray <NUM_LEDS> leds;
uint8_t data[ NUM_LEDS];


void setup() {
  delay(3000);
  FastLED.addLeds<WS2812B, LED_PIN, GRB>(leds, NUM_LEDS).setCorrection(TypicalLEDStrip);
  FastLED.setBrightness(100);
  FastLED.setMaxPowerInVoltsAndMilliamps(5, 1000);
  randomSeed(analogRead(A0));

}

void loop() {
  
  int seqVar = random(7, 9);

  //uint32_t period2 = .2 * 60000L;       // X minutes
    uint32_t period2 = random(10,20) * 1000L;       // X seconds
      for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2; )
      
  switch (seqVar) {
      
    case 0:
      //uint32_t period2 = .1 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      movingDotred();
      break;

    case 1:
      //uint32_t period2 = .2 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      movingDotwhite();
      break;

    case 2:
      //uint32_t period2 = .2 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      movingDotblue();
      break;

    case 3:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      phaseBeat();
      break;

    case 4:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      redwhitebluestripeswithglitter();
      break;

    case 5:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      RWBFadeInandOut();
      break;

    case 6:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      NewKITT(0xff, 0, 0, 35, 2, 50);
      NewKITT(0, 0, 0xff, 35, 2, 50);
      NewKITT(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 35, 2, 50);
      break;

    case 7:
      //uint32_t period3 = .3 * 60000L;       // X minutes
      //for ( uint32_t tStart = millis();  (millis() - tStart) < period2;  )
      theaterChase(0xff, 0, 0, 70);
      theaterChase(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 70);
      theaterChase(0, 0, 0xff, 70); 
      break;

     case 9:
     outsideinmeteors;  
  }
}
void movingDotred() {
  uint16_t sinBeat = beatsin16(20, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);

  leds[sinBeat] = CRGB::Red;
  fadeToBlackBy(leds, NUM_LEDS, 10);
  FastLED.show();
}

void movingDotwhite() {
  uint16_t sinBeat = beatsin16(20, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);

  leds[sinBeat] = CRGB::White;
  fadeToBlackBy(leds, NUM_LEDS, 10);
  FastLED.show();
}
void movingDotblue() {
  uint16_t sinBeat = beatsin16(20, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);

  leds[sinBeat] = CRGB::Blue;
  fadeToBlackBy(leds, NUM_LEDS, 10);
  FastLED.show();
}



void phaseBeat() {
  //  uint8_t sinBeat   = beatsin8(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);
  //  uint8_t sinBeat2  = beatsin8(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 85);
  //  uint8_t sinBeat3  = beatsin8(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 170);

  // If you notice that your pattern is missing out certain LEDs, you
  // will need to use the higher resolution beatsin16 instead. In this
  // case remove the 3 lines above and replace them with the following:
  uint16_t sinBeat   = beatsin16(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 0);
  uint16_t sinBeat2  = beatsin16(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 21845);
  uint16_t sinBeat3  = beatsin16(15, 0, NUM_LEDS - 1, 0, 43690);

  leds[sinBeat]   = CRGB::Blue;
  leds[sinBeat2]  = CRGB::Red;
  leds[sinBeat3]  = CRGB::White;

  fadeToBlackBy(leds, NUM_LEDS, 10);
  FastLED.show();
}

void redwhitebluestripeswithglitter() {
  fill_data_array();
  render_data_with_palette();
  add_glitter();

  FastLED.show();
  FastLED.delay(20);
}

void fill_data_array()
{
  static uint8_t startValue = 0;
  startValue = startValue + 2;

  uint8_t value = startValue;
  for ( int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    data[i] = triwave8( value); // convert value to an up-and-down wave
    value += 3;
  }
}


CRGBPalette16 gPalette (
  CRGB::Black, CRGB::Black,
  CRGB::Red,   CRGB::Red,  CRGB::Red,  CRGB::Red,
  CRGB::Gray,  CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray, CRGB::Gray,
  CRGB::Blue,  CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue, CRGB::Blue,
  CRGB::Black, CRGB::Black
);

void render_data_with_palette()
{
  for ( int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++) {
    leds[i] = ColorFromPalette( gPalette, data[i], 128, LINEARBLEND);
  }
}

void add_glitter()
{
  int chance_of_glitter =  10; // percent of the time that we add glitter
  int number_of_glitters = 10; // number of glitter sparkles to add

  int r = random8(100);
  if ( r < chance_of_glitter ) {
    for ( int j = 0; j < number_of_glitters; j++) {
      int pos = random16( NUM_LEDS);
      leds[pos] = CRGB::White; // very bright glitter
    }
  }
}

void RWBFadeInandOut() {
  FadeInOut(0xff, 0x00, 0x00); // red
  FadeInOut(0xff, 0xff, 0xff); // white
  FadeInOut(0x00, 0x00, 0xff); // blue
}
void setAll(byte red, byte white, byte blue) {
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++ ) {
    setPixel(i, red, white, blue);
  }
  FastLED.show();
}

void setPixel(int Pixel, byte red, byte white, byte blue) {

  leds[Pixel].r = red;
  leds[Pixel].g = white;
  leds[Pixel].b = blue;

}
void FadeInOut(byte red, byte green, byte blue) {
  float r, g, b;

  for (int k = 0; k < 256; k = k + 5) {
    r = (k / 256.0) * red;
    g = (k / 256.0) * green;
    b = (k / 256.0) * blue;
    setAll(r, g, b);
    FastLED.show();
  }

  for (int k = 255; k >= 0; k = k - 5) {
    r = (k / 256.0) * red;
    g = (k / 256.0) * green;
    b = (k / 256.0) * blue;
    setAll(r, g, b);
    FastLED.show();
  }
}

void NewKITT(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  RightToLeft(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  LeftToRight(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  OutsideToCenter(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  CenterToOutside(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  //  LeftToRight(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  //  RightToLeft(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  //  OutsideToCenter(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
  //  CenterToOutside(red, green, blue, EyeSize, SpeedDelay, ReturnDelay);
}

void CenterToOutside(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  for (int i = ((NUM_LEDS - EyeSize) / 2); i >= 0; i--) {
    setAll(0, 0, 0);

    setPixel(i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(i + j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(i + EyeSize + 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);

    setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i - j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i - EyeSize - 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);

    FastLED.show();
    delay(SpeedDelay);
  }
  delay(ReturnDelay);
}

void OutsideToCenter(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  for (int i = 0; i <= ((NUM_LEDS - EyeSize) / 2); i++) {
    setAll(0, 0, 0);

    setPixel(i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(i + j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(i + EyeSize + 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);

    setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i - j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(NUM_LEDS - i - EyeSize - 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);

    FastLED.show();
    delay(SpeedDelay);
  }
  delay(ReturnDelay);
}

void LeftToRight(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS - EyeSize - 2; i++) {
    setAll(0, 0, 0);
    setPixel(i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(i + j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(i + EyeSize + 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    FastLED.show();
    delay(SpeedDelay);
  }
  delay(ReturnDelay);
}

void RightToLeft(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int EyeSize, int SpeedDelay, int ReturnDelay) {
  for (int i = NUM_LEDS - EyeSize - 2; i > 0; i--) {
    setAll(0, 0, 0);
    setPixel(i, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    for (int j = 1; j <= EyeSize; j++) {
      setPixel(i + j, red, green, blue);
    }
    setPixel(i + EyeSize + 1, red / 10, green / 10, blue / 10);
    FastLED.show();
    delay(SpeedDelay);
  }
  delay(ReturnDelay);
}

void theaterChase(byte red, byte green, byte blue, int SpeedDelay) {
  for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) { //do 10 cycles of chasing
    for (int q = 0; q < 3; q++) {
      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i = i + 3) {
        setPixel(i + q, red, green, blue);  //turn every third pixel on
      }
      FastLED.show();

      delay(SpeedDelay);

      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i = i + 3) {
        setPixel(i + q, 0, 0, 0);    //turn every third pixel off
      }
    }
  }
}

void outsideinmeteors(){
  int myVar=random(0,3);
  switch (myVar) {
  case 0:
  red();
  break;

  case 1:
  blue();
  break;

  case 2:
  white();
}
}
void red(){ 
  //static uint8_t hue;
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS/2; i++) {   
    // fade everything out
    leds.fadeToBlackBy(20);

    // let's set an led value
    leds[i] = CRGB(250,0,0);

    // now, let's first 20 leds to the top 20 leds, 
    leds(NUM_LEDS/2,NUM_LEDS-1) = leds(NUM_LEDS/2 - 1 ,0);
    FastLED.delay(random (2,30));
  }  
}

void blue(){ 
  //static uint8_t hue;
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS/2; i++) {   
    // fade everything out
    leds.fadeToBlackBy(20);

    // let's set an led value
    leds[i] = CRGB(0,0,250);

    // now, let's first 20 leds to the top 20 leds, 
    leds(NUM_LEDS/2,NUM_LEDS-1) = leds(NUM_LEDS/2 - 1 ,0);
    FastLED.delay(random(2,30));
  } 
}

void white(){ 
  //static uint8_t hue;
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS/2; i++) {   
    // fade everything out
    leds.fadeToBlackBy(20);

    // let's set an led value
    leds[i] = CRGB(250,250,250);

    // now, let's first 20 leds to the top 20 leds, 
    leds(NUM_LEDS/2,NUM_LEDS-1) = leds(NUM_LEDS/2 - 1 ,0);
    FastLED.delay(random(2,30));
  } 
}

FernandoGarcia · January 30, 2023, 7:40pm

Change:

case 9:
        outsideinmeteors;

To:

case 9:
        outsideinmeteors();
break;

default:
break;

bhayss · January 30, 2023, 8:15pm

No, that's not it. BTW I changed the case to 8.

     case 8:
     outsideinmeteors;
      break;

      default:
      break;

I even tried this

     case 8:
     outsideinmeteors;
      break;

      default:
      ;

Continues to freeze up. Seems to never get into the function. Both of the pasted snippets above compile.

FernandoGarcia · January 30, 2023, 8:26pm

Pay attention on ().

bhayss · January 30, 2023, 8:54pm

Whew!
Finally.
Works as expected. Thank you for sticking with me on this.
I was able to get rid of the 'default' function.

FernandoGarcia · January 30, 2023, 9:01pm

You should not remove the default case.

You should mark the post that helped you as solution, so someone can find the answer easily.

system · July 29, 2023, 9:01pm

This topic was automatically closed 180 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed.

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