How can you change the crystal from 16MHz to one of 20MHz?

Other Hardware 3rd Party Boards
1

Good morning guys, I hope you are very well,

I am about to start a project using the Atmega328 out of the Arduino UNO board, for which I am loading the Bootloader, however I have not been able to configure the microcontroller to use a 20MHz crystal.

I researched a bit and saw that some people add some lines to the Makefile document that is inside the Botloaders folders in Arduino

(/home/myname/Downloads/arduino-1.8.9-linux64/arduino-1.8.9/hardware/arduino/avr/bootloaders)

Later they execute the Optiboot from the CMD using the Omake, however this has not worked for me.

Do you have any idea how to carry this out?

Personal data
Arduino version 1.8.9
OS - Windows 10 and GNU / Linux (Ubuntu 18.04)

2

The easiest way to do this is by using the MiniCore hardware package, which has a board definition for ATmega328P @ 20 MHz and precompiled bootloader for that clock speed:

Remember to always use the same Tools > Board > ATmega328, and Tools > Clock > 20 MHz external after this when using your board.

3

Thankyou a lot Pert, But sorry i have some problema when burnt bootloader, the program say:

avrdude: Version 6.3-20171130
         Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/
         Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch

         System wide configuration file is "/home/gerardo/.arduino15/packages/MiniCore/hardware/avr/2.0.2/avrdude.conf"
         User configuration file is "/home/gerardo/.avrduderc"
         User configuration file does not exist or is not a regular file, skipping

         Using Port                    : /dev/ttyACM0
         Using Programmer              : arduino
         Overriding Baud Rate          : 19200
         AVR Part                      : ATmega328P
         Chip Erase delay              : 9000 us
         PAGEL                         : PD7
         BS2                           : PC2
         RESET disposition             : dedicated
         RETRY pulse                   : SCK
         serial program mode           : yes
         parallel program mode         : yes
         Timeout                       : 200
         StabDelay                     : 100
         CmdexeDelay                   : 25
         SyncLoops                     : 32
         ByteDelay                     : 0
         PollIndex                     : 3
         PollValue                     : 0x53
         Memory Detail                 :

                                  Block Poll               Page                       Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  MaxW   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
           eeprom        65    20     4    0 no       1024    4      0  3600  3600 0xff 0xff
           flash         65     6   128    0 yes     32768  128    256  4500  4500 0xff 0xff
           lfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
           hfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
           efuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
           lock           0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  4500  4500 0x00 0x00
           calibration    0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0     0     0 0x00 0x00
           signature      0     0     0    0 no          3    0      0     0     0 0x00 0x00

         Programmer Type : Arduino
         Description     : Arduino

avrdude: stk500_getparm(): (a) protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x14

avrdude: stk500_getparm(): (a) protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x02

avrdude: stk500_getparm(): (a) protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x10
         Hardware Version: 4238814
         Firmware Version: 15537056.0
         Topcard         : STK502
         Vtarget         : 1.8 V
         Varef           : 0.0 V
         Oscillator      : Off
         SCK period      : 0.1 us

avrdude: stk500_initialize(): (b) protocol error, expect=0x10, resp=0x01
avrdude: initialization failed, rc=-1
         Double check connections and try again, or use -F to override
         this check.

avrdude: stk500_disable(): protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x10

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Error while burning bootloader.
4

You're using an Arduino as ISP programmer, right? If so, connect a 10 uF capacitor between the reset and ground pins.

5

Okey n.n, sorry again,

i did it, but didn't work, and i red more in the link of mini core and i replaced the microcontroller inside on my board of Arduino UNO, because the instructions sayed, and i tried to change for a crystal inside of the board in this case is of 16MHz, but whe i charged the bootloader the progrma say:

avrdude: Version 6.3-20171130
         Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/
         Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch

         System wide configuration file is "/home/gerardo/.arduino15/packages/MiniCore/hardware/avr/2.0.2/avrdude.conf"
         User configuration file is "/home/gerardo/.avrduderc"
         User configuration file does not exist or is not a regular file, skipping

         Using Port                    : /dev/ttyACM0
         Using Programmer              : arduino
         Overriding Baud Rate          : 19200
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 2 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 3 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 4 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 5 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 6 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 7 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 8 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 9 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 10 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Error while burning bootloader.
6

Did you replace the 16MHz external crystal or resonator with a 20MHz part? You need to do that to run at 20MHz, you can't just change the bootloader.

7

You could buy an Arduino compatible board (the A-Star is excellent) from Pololu. Their boards and bootloaders run at 20 MHz, among other options.