Not surprisingly the result was poor: the measured temperature was about in half between the real pot temperature and ambient temperature. Is there some reasonable way to temporarily attach the thermistor to measure (mostly) the surface temperature with low impact of the ambient air flow?
Suppose You apply a heater on steroids under the pot making the metal glow, plenty of 100 degeree C and a lot more F. That will not tell anything useful about the temperature in the liquid inside the pot.
Use a sensor swimming in the liquid is my approach.
Of course. But I was hoping for a more detailed answer. For example I am not sure what materials survive around 100°C. I think measuring surface temperature is interesting in many applications - such as how cold/hot is that wall/window/heater/pipe. You need to attach the temperature probe somehow and make good thermal contact and isolate from ambient air. I was hoping for some examples how others do it.
Roughly but I did. Boiling water and room temperature.
I don't have "heater on steroids". Even if I had I believe the temperature of the thin walls of the pot must be very close to the temperature of the water inside. And I don't want to let my electronic experiments swim in my future food. It may be dangerous for both me and the electronics.
My dream is some device that you attach to the pot from outside, turn on the heater on max and when it is going to boil you get a warning - no longer soup spilled everywhere.
Your photo looks like a kitchen pot with some Kapton tape.
Ad hoc, I've draped a cotton dishtowel over a pot and had success. I'd imagine a band-aid would work pretty well. Since you've got some high temperature tape, making a bandaid out of the tape and a cotton ball or a tuft of fiberglass insulation would be easy and have better performance than my dishtowel.
Physics and signal processing-wise, there's a gradient across the materials which leads to a transfer function. Whether it's a dishtowel, bandaid, or aerogel patch, it can be accounted for with a calibration table, curve, or function.