How to store a previous value

arduino10134 · March 16, 2022, 4:25am

How am i able to store a previous value and then compare it with the next value?

For example compare the previous temperature value with the new temperature value to see if it is decreasing or increasing.

LarryD · March 16, 2022, 4:40am

You can store a value into a ram variable.

int myOldTemperature;

Look up if( )

groundFungus · March 16, 2022, 4:44am

Here is a demo code with the use of a couple saved values, one for temperature and one for timing (see the blink without delay example).

const byte temperaturePin = A0;

int temperature;
int lastTemperature;


void setup()
{
   Serial.begin(9600);
   lastTemperature = analogRead(temperaturePin); // get initial value
}

void loop()
{
   static unsigned long lastMillis = 0;
   unsigned long interval = 500;
   if (millis() - lastMillis >= interval)
   {
      lastMillis = millis();
      temperature = analogRead(temperaturePin);
      Serial.print("temperature difference = ");
      Serial.println(temperature - lastTemperature);
      lastTemperature = temperature;
   }
}

LarryD · March 17, 2022, 2:03am

Something like this.

int oldTemp;
int newTemp;
. . .
. . .
Serial.println(abs(oldTemp - newTemp));

Appears you might want to spend time with learning:

Arduino links of interest.

How to use this forum:

Getting started:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide

Listing of downloadable 'Arduino PDFs' :
Either Google >>>- - - - > arduino filetype: pdf
Or
https://www.google.ca/search?q=arduino+filetype%3A+pdf&rlz=1C9BKJA_enCA739CA739&oq=arduino+filetype%3A+pdf&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i65.1385j0j7&hl=en-US&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8

Listing of downloadable 'C++ PDFs' :
Either Google >>>- - - - > C++ filetype: pdf
Or
https://www.google.ca/search?q=c%2B%2B+filetype%3A+pdf&rlz=1C9BKJA_enCA739CA739&oq=c%2B%2B+filetype%3A+pdf&aqs=chrome..69i57.22790j0j7&hl=en-US&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8

Arduino cheat sheet:
https://dlnmh9ip6v2uc.cloudfront.net/learn/materials/8/Arduino_Cheat_Sheet.pdf

Watch these:
Arduino programming syntax:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=CbJHL_P5RJ8

Arduino arithmetic operators:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=UUx0_s-ElSs

Arduino control flow:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QpPGGuaGbCA

Arduino data types:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=xmZXWMEltEc

Understanding Destructive LC Voltage Spikes:
https://www.pololu.com/docs/0J16/all
OR
https://www.pololu.com/docs/pdf/0J16/destructive_LC_voltage_spikes.pdf

Why decoupling capacitors:

Some things to read

LCD information:
https://learn.adafruit.com/character-lcds?view=all
OR
https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/downloads/pdf/character-lcds.pdf?timestamp=1573085286

Reading a schematic:
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-read-a-schematic

Language Reference:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage

Foundations:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Foundations

How and Why to avoid delay():
http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/AvoidDelay

Demonstration code for several things at the same time.
http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=223286.0

How to power a project:
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-power-a-project/all

Ladyada's Learn Arduino - Lesson #0:

Multitasking:
Part 1:
https://learn.adafruit.com/multi-tasking-the-arduino-part-1?view=all

Part 2:
https://learn.adafruit.com/multi-tasking-the-arduino-part-2?view=all

Part 3:
https://learn.adafruit.com/multi-tasking-the-arduino-part-3?view=all

Sparkfun Tutorials:
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials?page=all

Micro Controllers:
https://learn.adafruit.com/mcus-how-do-they-work?view=all

Useful links:
https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=384198.0

Arduino programming traps, tips and style guide:
http://www.gammon.com.au/forum/?id=12153

Arduino programming course:
https://startingelectronics.org/software/arduino/learn-to-program-course/

Jeremy Blume:
https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLA567CE235D39FA84

Arduino products:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products

Motors/MOSFETs
http://www.gammon.com.au/motors

Making a library
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Hacking/libraryTutorial

Switches:
http://www.gammon.com.au/forum/?id=11955

https://www.amazon.ca/Arduino-Cookbook-Recipes-Enhance-Projects/dp/1449313876/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1522801721&sr=8-1&keywords=arduino+cookbook

Soldering FYI
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eBIjsZ1dcT0

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6PB0u8irn-4

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5uiroWBkdFY

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=lpgMY1JeOAA

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=_6tpQE7ptqo

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=L_DIpklxXcI

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=b15MMzb_GWw

Tips and Traps
http://www.gammon.com.au/forum/?id=12153

Share tips you have come across, 900+ posts:
https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=445951.0

Debug discussion:
https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=215334.msg1575801#msg1575801

Frequently Asked Questions:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/main/FAQ#toc10

SMD soldering:
SMD soldering

How to make and post a schematic:

How to make a schematic.

Number 'type's.

boolean (8 bit) - simple logical true/false, Arduino does not use single bits for bool
byte (8 bit) - unsigned number from 0 to 255
char (8 bit) - signed number from -128 to 127. The compiler will attempt to interpret this data type as a character in some circumstances, which may yield unexpected results
unsigned char (8 bit) - same as 'byte'; if this is what you're after, you should use 'byte' instead, for reasons of clarity
word (16 bit) - unsigned number from 0 to 65535
unsigned int (16 bit)- the same as 'word'. Use 'word' instead for clarity and brevity
int (16 bit) - signed number from -32768 to 32767. This is most commonly what you see used for general purpose variables in Arduino example code provided with the IDE
unsigned long (32 bit) - unsigned number from 0 to 4,294,967,295. The most common usage of this is to store the result of the millis() function, which returns the number of milliseconds the current code has been running
long (32 bit) - signed number from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
float (32 bit) - signed number from -3.4028235E38 to 3.4028235E38. Floating point on the Arduino is not native; the compiler has to jump through hoops to make it work. If you can avoid it, you should. We'll touch on this later. Sparkfun.

You select the 'type' best suited for your variables.

ex:

your variable does not change and it defines a pin on the Arduino. const byte limitSwitchPin = 34;
since an analog variable can be 0 to 1023, a byte will not do, you can select 'int'. int temperature;
if your variable needs to be within -64 to +64 a 'char' will do nicely. char joystick;
if your variable is used for ASCII then you need type 'char', char myText[ ] = {"Raspberry Pie Smells"};
if your variable enables some code then boolean can be used. boolean enableFlag = false;
millis() returns the time in ms since rebooting, unsigned long currentTime = millis();
etc.

Oh, and have fun too !

Arduino links of interest.

How to use this forum:

Getting started:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide

Listing of downloadable 'Arduino PDFs' :
Either Google >>>- - - - > arduino filetype: pdf
Or
https://www.google.ca/search?q=arduino+filetype%3A+pdf&rlz=1C9BKJA_enCA739CA739&oq=arduino+filetype%3A+pdf&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i65.1385j0j7&hl=en-US&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8

Listing of downloadable 'C++ PDFs' :
Either Google >>>- - - - > C++ filetype: pdf
Or
https://www.google.ca/search?q=c%2B%2B+filetype%3A+pdf&rlz=1C9BKJA_enCA739CA739&oq=c%2B%2B+filetype%3A+pdf&aqs=chrome..69i57.22790j0j7&hl=en-US&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8

Arduino cheat sheet:
https://dlnmh9ip6v2uc.cloudfront.net/learn/materials/8/Arduino_Cheat_Sheet.pdf

Watch these:
Arduino programming syntax:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=CbJHL_P5RJ8

Arduino arithmetic operators:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=UUx0_s-ElSs

Arduino control flow:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QpPGGuaGbCA

Arduino data types:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=xmZXWMEltEc

Understanding Destructive LC Voltage Spikes:
https://www.pololu.com/docs/0J16/all
OR
https://www.pololu.com/docs/pdf/0J16/destructive_LC_voltage_spikes.pdf

Why decoupling capacitors:

Some things to read

LCD information:
https://learn.adafruit.com/character-lcds?view=all
OR
https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/downloads/pdf/character-lcds.pdf?timestamp=1573085286

Reading a schematic:
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-read-a-schematic

Language Reference:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage

Foundations:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Foundations

How and Why to avoid delay():
http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/AvoidDelay

Demonstration code for several things at the same time.
http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=223286.0

How to power a project:
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-power-a-project/all

Ladyada's Learn Arduino - Lesson #0:

Multitasking:
Part 1:
https://learn.adafruit.com/multi-tasking-the-arduino-part-1?view=all

Part 2:
https://learn.adafruit.com/multi-tasking-the-arduino-part-2?view=all

Part 3:
https://learn.adafruit.com/multi-tasking-the-arduino-part-3?view=all

Sparkfun Tutorials:
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials?page=all

Micro Controllers:
https://learn.adafruit.com/mcus-how-do-they-work?view=all

Useful links:
https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=384198.0

Arduino programming traps, tips and style guide:
http://www.gammon.com.au/forum/?id=12153

Arduino programming course:
https://startingelectronics.org/software/arduino/learn-to-program-course/

Jeremy Blume:
https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLA567CE235D39FA84

Arduino products:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products

Motors/MOSFETs
http://www.gammon.com.au/motors

Making a library
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Hacking/libraryTutorial

Switches:
http://www.gammon.com.au/forum/?id=11955

https://www.amazon.ca/Arduino-Cookbook-Recipes-Enhance-Projects/dp/1449313876/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1522801721&sr=8-1&keywords=arduino+cookbook

Soldering FYI
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eBIjsZ1dcT0

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6PB0u8irn-4

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5uiroWBkdFY

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=lpgMY1JeOAA

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=_6tpQE7ptqo

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=L_DIpklxXcI

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=b15MMzb_GWw

Tips and Traps
http://www.gammon.com.au/forum/?id=12153

Share tips you have come across, 900+ posts:
https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=445951.0

Debug discussion:
https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=215334.msg1575801#msg1575801

Frequently Asked Questions:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/main/FAQ#toc10

SMD soldering:
SMD soldering

How to make and post a schematic:

How to make a schematic.

Number 'type's.

boolean (8 bit) - simple logical true/false, Arduino does not use single bits for bool
byte (8 bit) - unsigned number from 0 to 255
char (8 bit) - signed number from -128 to 127. The compiler will attempt to interpret this data type as a character in some circumstances, which may yield unexpected results
unsigned char (8 bit) - same as 'byte'; if this is what you're after, you should use 'byte' instead, for reasons of clarity
word (16 bit) - unsigned number from 0 to 65535
unsigned int (16 bit)- the same as 'word'. Use 'word' instead for clarity and brevity
int (16 bit) - signed number from -32768 to 32767. This is most commonly what you see used for general purpose variables in Arduino example code provided with the IDE
unsigned long (32 bit) - unsigned number from 0 to 4,294,967,295. The most common usage of this is to store the result of the millis() function, which returns the number of milliseconds the current code has been running
long (32 bit) - signed number from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
float (32 bit) - signed number from -3.4028235E38 to 3.4028235E38. Floating point on the Arduino is not native; the compiler has to jump through hoops to make it work. If you can avoid it, you should. We'll touch on this later. Sparkfun.

You select the 'type' best suited for your variables.

ex:

your variable does not change and it defines a pin on the Arduino. const byte limitSwitchPin = 34;
since an analog variable can be 0 to 1023, a byte will not do, you can select 'int'. int temperature;
if your variable needs to be within -64 to +64 a 'char' will do nicely. char joystick;
if your variable is used for ASCII then you need type 'char', char myText[ ] = {"Raspberry Pie Smells"};
if your variable enables some code then boolean can be used. boolean enableFlag = false;
millis() returns the time in ms since rebooting, unsigned long currentTime = millis();
etc.

Oh, and have fun too !

arduino10134 · March 17, 2022, 2:03am

Thank you. I have used this code below, but the 'previousValue' does not update on the serial monitor. It displays the first value and then does not change despite me changing the temperature.

// Initialise variables
int Temperature;
int previousValue;

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // Serial monitor comms
previousValue = map(((analogRead(A0) - 20) * 3.04), 0, 1023, -40, 125);

}

void loop()
{
analogRead(A0);
Temperature = map(((analogRead(A0) - 20) * 3.04), 0, 1023, -40, 125);
Serial.print(previousValue);
Serial.println();
Serial.print(Temperature);

}

arduino10134 · March 17, 2022, 2:05am

Thank you. I have used this code below, but the 'previousValue' does not update on the serial monitor. It displays the first value and then does not change despite me changing the temperature.

// Initialise variables
int Temperature;
int previousValue;

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // Serial monitor comms
previousValue = map(((analogRead(A0) - 20) * 3.04), 0, 1023, -40, 125);

}

void loop()
{
analogRead(A0);
Temperature = map(((analogRead(A0) - 20) * 3.04), 0, 1023, -40, 125);
Serial.print(previousValue);
Serial.println();
Serial.print(Temperature);

}
[/quote]

LarryD · March 17, 2022, 2:10am


// Initialize variables
int Temperature;
int previousValue;

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // Serial monitor comms
previousValue = map(((analogRead(A0) - 20) * 3.04), 0, 1023, -40, 125);

}

void loop()
{
analogRead(A0);
Temperature = map(((analogRead(A0) - 20) * 3.04), 0, 1023, -40, 125);
Serial.print(previousValue);
Serial.print(\t);
Serial.print(Temperature);
Serial.print(\t);
Serial.println( abs(previousValue - Temperature));
previousValue = Temperature;

}

arduino10134 · March 17, 2022, 2:15am

Thanks for your help LarryD!

arduino10134 · March 17, 2022, 2:22am

How am I then able to print if the temperature is increasing or decreasing? I have tried if, else if and else statement but it hasnt had any effect but I dont understand why.

if (Temperature>previousValue){
Serial.print("Up");

}

else if (Temperature<previousValue){
Serial.print("Down");

//}

else {
Serial.println();

}

LarryD · March 17, 2022, 2:30am


// Initialize variables
int Temperature;
int previousValue;

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // Serial monitor comms
previousValue = map(((analogRead(A0) - 20) * 3.04), 0, 1023, -40, 125);

}

void loop()
{
analogRead(A0);
Temperature = map(((analogRead(A0) - 20) * 3.04), 0, 1023, -40, 125);
Serial.print(previousValue);
Serial.print(\t);
Serial.print(Temperature);
Serial.print(\t);
Serial.println( abs(previousValue - Temperature));

if (Temperature>previousValue)
{
Serial.print("Up");
}

else if (Temperature<previousValue)
{
Serial.print("Down");
}

else 
{
Serial.println(“Same”);
}

previousValue = Temperature;

} //END of loop( )

system · September 13, 2022, 2:31am

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How to store a previous value

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