Input-output board using only 2 or 3 wires for Arduino

My experience has been - even with newbies - that connecting a LCD 2004 over I2C and buttons to IO pins is not difficult at all. So if you can’t have the board handle some of the faster elements and need direct wiring, then I don’t think there is a market there for such a board with arduino or RPi.

May be for an extension to a desktop computer to have a specific device attached ?

There was work done on that front, look at GitHub - firmata/protocol: Documentation of the Firmata protocol., you would not have to reinvent the client part

The following is a list of Firmata client library implementations:

PS: I don’t like firmata so don’t take that as a recommendation. It’s more to let you know what’s out there.