As the titles suggests, I'm looking to command my Arduino uno using my mobile phone and I'm wondering if I can use a HM-10 Bluetooth Module for the connection between the module and the phone.
Thanks in advance 
It is certainly possible to use the HM-10 with an Uno and if your phone has Bluetooth Low Energy then the phone can talk to the HM-10.
The part about voice commands would have to be done by an app on the phone and the app would have to output serial data to the HM-10. That is beyond the scope of the Arduino forum.
An AVR-based one (R3 or earlier), or an ARM-based one (R4)?
A Cortex-M4 should be able to do some simple stuff, but I think it'd be beyond an AVR.
Renesas are touting this for their Cortex-M33 devices:
Dunno if the Cortex-M4 could hack it ...
EDIT
Renesas are using Cyberon technology:
See the linked blog from there to understand what's involved...
Thank you!! This one helped me a LOT!