There are a range of boards that have a camera and an Arduino IDE option, such as Sparkfun Edge, and CoralMicro which either have HM01B0 camera or option.
The latter definitely can output video over USB.
What other boards might?
ie might Sparkfun Edge?
Are there others? in particular any supporting TensorFlow Lite.
coralmicro is QVGA 24bit colour (jpeg) 324*324 @25fps
however I did not find anyone has implemented this example using Arduino IDE as yet. Grayscale is just as much of interest hence Sparkfun Edge.
fine, did you have a link to any project with a camera and a comparable data rate?
if not...
In my experience frames are often preferable.
They have less or no data compression, and don't require expansion.
The Raspberry Pi was problematical for many years, as the data compression was high, and the raw pixel data wasn't available, meaning that for OpenGLES or other shader or tensor type applications, the quality was just rather poor.