New Haven Display VFD with Arduino

First, mark up the code you have posted by selecting "modify" on your first post, highlight the code and use the code [ # ] icon above the submit window.

As it is, I suspected you had a problem with not using the index in your digitalWrite(dataPin, data [i]); line.

I think you should try initialising it by sending the three codes AFh, C0h and F0h first, and then sending 16 character codes only.