One button, One light, multiple functions.

hello! I'm new to coding, and I have a project where I want to have one 1 led light doing multiple functions with one button,

example,
1 click turns led on,
another click runs an animation, aka blinking
and the final click turns the led off.

I'm asking for help in the right direction as to what I should learn to achieve this. or maybe some sample code to play around with,

thanks so much!

The Arduino IDE and the libraries are coming with a whole collection of examples. Get an Arduino board and start playing.

File -> Examples

The standard examples will teach you all you need for the project you described.

There are also a couple of tutorials in the forum. If you have any specific questions, please look at the "Read before posting" at the top of every forum topic, before you post.

Learn how to debounce switches.

Switches often produce more than one contact closure when pressed.

Learn how avoid the use of delay() function when programming.
delay() stops regular code execution for the delay interval.
You can replace delay() with a technique called Blink Without Delay, BWD.
When using BWD, your sketch can run other code during the delay time.
Read Robin2’s discussion, Demonstration code for several things at the same time:
https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=223286.0

Switches and LEDs.