Operations During Timer Interval

Is is possible to perform routine operations (TTL I/O, Analog, Ethernet, Serial, etc.) during a Timer operation? Specifically, I use Timer1 to trigger an external camera exposure on Timer1 pin 9 once only for a user specificed period ( up to 10 seconds). When the interrupt function is called, the timer is disabled until the user calls for another exposure via ethernet. During the timer exposure period, (before the interrupt function triggers), can I issue commands to the Arduino via ethernet, and will they be be acted on concurrently during the timer interval?

Hardware: Nano 3.0/328 w/Wiznet WIZ811MJ.

Yes, there is usually a timer running.

Thanks, Nick. The best answers are short and sweet! It's interesting that you can't do real multithreading on these 8 bit processors, but you can have timers working in the background.

You can do a surprisingly large amount with a couple of timers. For example, one counts intervals (eg. 100 mS) and the other one counts events, giving you a frequency counter.