Grumpy_Mike:
That web site has no idea what it is selling nor how to use that chip. From the look of it there are no active components other than the PCA9685.
I believe that. The website on the board goes to a site with greeking placeholder text.
I believe this could benefit from an external clock as I've read believe the internal lacks accuracy
There is a limit on the V+ because it is connected to the servo which is connected to the chip.
The diode is to drop the voltage down to 5.3V so that the chips maximum signal value is not exceeded. So the servos will always run at 0.7V below the voltage applied on the V+ terminal. You put a bigger value into V+ and you blow the chip.
There is absolutely no need whatsoever to use any library for this chip. It is just so simple to drive through the I2C bus. This is one of those occasions where a library has been produced for its own sake. You will have to learn as much about how to drive the library as you would have learning about the chip. But learning to drive the chip is a transferable skill where as the library is a dead end.
As it turns out the diode goes between the V+ terminal block and the V+ header pins.
There is no sign of any continuity between VCC and V+. To that end I tried a little experiment, I put 6V to V+ and got nothing at VCC, zero. The chip is isolated from V+. The diode serves only to drop the 6V to the servo rail and anything connected to the VCC pins (which I have no intention of doing).
The Adafruit version has a transistor switch and an onboard clock, it also has, I believe, a similar 6V V+ warning. So, again, WTF.
I took a brief stab at the simplicity of driving the chip, I see your point on this, but nowhere in the 50 page PDF of the chip could I glom on to the simplicity. Looking at the C++ in the library I see that it is not a difficult process, although parts appear arcane to me, but then, I have never written a driver. I prefer, for now, to adapt what works. I have enough other code that needs writing... then to dive into this.
At any point, if it doesn't have an accurate enough clock, then it is useless as a servo driver.