Hi, I'm kinda new to arduino and electronics and I want to make a device that uses arduino mega 2560 , 7 gas sensors ( MH-Z19B, PMS5003, BME680, SGP30, MICS-6814, MQ-131, MS1100 ), a buzzer and a bluetooth hc-05 module in order to show the values into a mobile app. My concern is that the whole package ( 7 sensors, bluetooth module, buzzer) has a maximum current consumption of 814 mA , without the arduino mega itself and i know that the usb-b port of arduino can only provide 500 mA. 5 sensors are running on 5V while the 2 i2c sensors ( sgp30 and bme680) are using 3.3V. What would be the most optimal power supply for both arduino and those components? Would a 5V 1.5A/2A phone charger do the thing and how can I use both 5v and 3.3 sensors? I have to mention that i have the module sensors, not the raw ones.
For your 3.3V sensors you will need level converters between the Mega and the module.
If you consider it to connect to the USB port, it will not work. There is a fuse on the board (to protect the PCs USB) that will blow (and recover).
You can feed the 5V from that charger into 5V pin of the Mega under the condition that you do not connect the USB at the same time; you can hack a USB cable if needed to cut the 5V wire.
I'm not sure how much power you can pull from the 3.3V pin from the Mega; it might just be enough to power your 3.3V modules.
I use a 5V power supply for my Mega with LED strips; the LED strips are powered directly from that power supply. I've added a small buck/boost converter to create 9V that I feed into the Vin of the Mega; that way I don't have to worry about the two 5V supplies possibly damaging something. You can add a second buck converter to create 3.3V.
If you consider it to connect to the USB port, it will not work. There is a fuse on the board (to protect the PCs USB) that will blow (and recover).
I wanted to connect it to the wall plug
I get that 
And the other side?
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