read & write serial data from USB device?

I'm a really noob regarding that stuff, so please forgive for missing info in the opening thread.

The problem i need to solve: There is a device that can be accessed over serial. I has and integrated FTDI chip to level the RS232 signals of the CPU to TTL.
When i connect this USB to my PC i get a serial device and can program the device.

What confuses me a lot now: Can i connect an Arduino to this micro usb, add a new serial port on D1&D2 and read and write to those pins (and display that data on "serial monitor" to see that everything works correctly?

No.

If you can remove the FTDI USB adapter and plug the Arduino TX and Rx directly that will be easier.

But then i have there RS232 level signals that would destroy the Arduino, right?
I will need to adjust those levels to 5V max first.

izeman:
But then i have there RS232 level signals that would destroy the Arduino, right?
I will need to adjust those levels to 5V max first.

Then you will have to use a MAX232.