JRUSCH:
I'm attempting to create a single digit clock and using a secondary RGB LED with color indicating place of the digit in a HH:MM time format.
Hmmm. Sounds somewhat uninspiring but nevertheless!
OK, let's get going. We will agree not to give you code because it is your assignment, but will make suggestions on your code.
So, we need the circuit diagram (but note many people here are allergic to "Fritzing" diagrams and want proper schematics 
). And we need your working code regarding getting "both the 7-segment and LED working" and your non-working code, posted according to the forum instructions.
A photograph of the whole arrangement, taken outside in bright daylight but not full sun so that everything can actually be seen would also be nice. 