Hello everyone,
I'm new here, a bit confused and can't find the issue in my own code. Currently working on something like a remote controlled car.
My circuit is the following:
- ESP32
- 3-6V Motor
- L298N Driver
- 2*4,5V Battery
I ran a file I found online for testing the motor and it worked just fine. Then, I wanted to learn how to make a library and created one that you can use to control the motor. It is very similar to the code i found online. The only difference is that the motor I am using only turns backwards (which wasn't an issue before.) After some troubleshooting, I found that pin 26 always reads LOW, which is the reason for the motor never turning forward. I know it has to be an issue in the code, but I just don't see why it is never set to HIGH.
I've tried the following code and it works just fine:
/*********
Rui Santos
Complete project details at https://randomnerdtutorials.com
*********/
// Motor A
int motor1Pin1 = 27;
int motor1Pin2 = 26;
int enable1Pin = 14;
// Setting PWM properties
const int freq = 30000;
const int pwmChannel = 0;
const int resolution = 8;
int dutyCycle = 200;
void setup() {
// sets the pins as outputs:
pinMode(motor1Pin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(motor1Pin2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(enable1Pin, OUTPUT);
// configure LED PWM functionalitites
ledcSetup(pwmChannel, freq, resolution);
// attach the channel to the GPIO to be controlled
ledcAttachPin(enable1Pin, pwmChannel);
Serial.begin(115200);
// testing
Serial.print("Testing DC Motor...");
}
void loop() {
// Move the DC motor forward at maximum speed
Serial.println("Moving Forward");
digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, HIGH);
delay(2000);
// Stop the DC motor
Serial.println("Motor stopped");
digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);
delay(1000);
// Move DC motor backwards at maximum speed
Serial.println("Moving Backwards");
digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);
delay(2000);
// Stop the DC motor
Serial.println("Motor stopped");
digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);
delay(1000);
// Move DC motor forward with increasing speed
digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);
while (dutyCycle <= 255){
ledcWrite(pwmChannel, dutyCycle);
Serial.print("Forward with duty cycle: ");
Serial.println(dutyCycle);
dutyCycle = dutyCycle + 5;
delay(500);
}
dutyCycle = 200;
}
Then, I made said library:
#ifndef _MYMOTOR_H
#define _MYMOTOR_H
#include <Arduino.h>
class MyMotor
{
public:
MyMotor(String _motorName, int _pin1, int _pin2, int _enablePin, int _pwmChannel, int _freq = 30000, int _resolution = 8);
void start();
void forward();
void backwards();
void stopMotor();
void setDutyCycle(int dutyCycle);
private:
String motorName;
int pin1;
int pin2;
int enablePin;
//PWM:
int freq;
int pwmChannel;
int resolution;
};
#endif
#include "Arduino.h"
#include <MyMotor.h>
MyMotor::MyMotor(String _motorName, int _pin1, int _pin2, int _enablePin, int _pwmChannel, int _freq, int _resolution){
motorName = _motorName;
pin1 = _pin1;
pin2 = _pin2;
enablePin = _enablePin;
//between 0 and 15:
pwmChannel = _pwmChannel;
//in Hertz:
freq = _freq;
//1-16 Bits
resolution = _resolution;
}
void MyMotor::start(){
//Assign Pins:
// sets the pins as outputs:
pinMode(pin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(pin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(enablePin, OUTPUT);
// configure LED PWM functionalitites
ledcSetup(pwmChannel, freq, resolution);
// attach the channel to the GPIO to be controlled
ledcAttachPin(enablePin, pwmChannel);
}
void MyMotor::forward(){
Serial.println(motorName+" moving forward");
digitalWrite(pin1, LOW);
digitalWrite(pin2, HIGH);
if (digitalRead(pin1) == HIGH) {
Serial.println("pin "+String(pin1)+" still HIGH");
}
if (digitalRead(pin2) == LOW) {
Serial.println("pin " + String(pin2) + " still LOW");
}
}
void MyMotor::backwards(){
Serial.println(motorName+" moving backwards");
digitalWrite(pin1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(pin2, LOW);
if (digitalRead(pin1) == LOW) {
Serial.println("pin " + String(pin1) + " still LOW");
}
if (digitalRead(pin2) == HIGH) {
Serial.println("pin " + String(pin2) + " still HIGH");
}
}
void MyMotor::stopMotor(){
Serial.println(motorName+" stopped");
digitalWrite(pin1, LOW);
digitalWrite(pin2, LOW);
}
void MyMotor::setDutyCycle(int dutyCycle){
if (dutyCycle<0 | dutyCycle>= resolution*32){
Serial.println("---ERROR: speed/dutycycle is "+String(dutyCycle) +", which is higher than dutycycle resolution ("+String(resolution)+")");
}else{
ledcWrite(pwmChannel, dutyCycle);
}
}
Running the following code, the motor did not turn forward anymore:
#include <MyMotor.h>
int dutyCycle = 200;
MyMotor m = MyMotor("Motor A", 27, 26, 14, 0, 30000, 8);
void setup() {
m.start();
Serial.begin(115200);
}
void loop() {
// Move the DC motor forward at maximum speed
m.forward();
delay(2000);
// Stop the DC motor
m.stopMotor();
delay(2000);
// Move DC motor backwards at maximum speed
m.backwards();
delay(2000);
// Stop the DC motor
m.stopMotor();
delay(2000);
// Move DC motor forward with increasing speed
Serial.println("Increasing speed:");
m.forward();
while (dutyCycle <= 255){
m.setDutyCycle(dutyCycle);
dutyCycle = dutyCycle + 5;
delay(500);
}
dutyCycle = 200;
// Stop the DC motor
m.stopMotor();
delay(2000);
}
This is printed to the serial monitor:
Motor A moving backwards
Motor A stopped
Increasing speed:
Motor A moving forward
pin 26 still LOW
Motor A stopped
Motor A moving forward
pin 26 still LOW
Motor A stopped
Motor A moving backwards
Motor A stopped
Increasing speed:
Motor A moving forward
pin 26 still LOW
If you've even read so far, thanks a lot 
Any help is appreciated:)