Temperature Based Fan PWM Control

Projects Programming
1

I want to PWM control 2 set of fans based on the temperatures of 2 different temperature DS18B20 sensors. Is this possible on a single Arduino Nano controller?
I have the code for PWM control one set of fans using a single DS18B20 temperature sensor.
I dont know how to interface the second temperature sensor to control the second set of fans.

The program I found on this GitHub repo:

// Fan_Temp_Control.ino ##############################################
/* This code was written to control the temperature inside a server cabinet
by measuring the temperature with a DS18b20 Temperature probe and
outputting a PWM signal with the Arduino Nano to control a 4-Pin fan.
Unlike the cheap control boards from Amazon or Ebay this code switches
the fan off when the temperature is low enough. */


/*
The following constants should be changed according to the use case:
constant (default value) - description
tempLow (35) - Below this temperature (minus half hysteresis) the fan shuts off.
               It shuts on again at this temperature plus half hysteresis
tempHigh (50) - At and above this temperature the fan is at maximum speed
hyteresis (5) - Hysteresis to prevent frequent on/off switching at the threshold
minDuty (10) - Minimum fan speed to prevent stalling
maxDuty (100) - Maximum fan speed to limit noise
 */


#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>

// Digital pin of temperature sensor
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS 2

// Setup a oneWire instance
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);  

// Setup temperature sensor library
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);

// PWM output pin
const byte OC1B_PIN = 10;

// Digital pin for controlliing optional high side switch
const byte HS_SWITCH = 9;

// how frequently the main loop runs
const int tempSetInterval = 5000;


// temperatur settings
const float tempLow = 35;
const float tempHigh = 50;
const float hyteresis = 5;
const int minDuty = 10;
const int maxDuty = 100;

// state on/off of Fan
bool fanState = HIGH;

// current duty cycle
byte duty = 100;

// new duty cycle
byte newDuty = 100;




void setup() {
	//enable output for Timer 1
	pinMode(OC1B_PIN,OUTPUT);
	setupTimer1();
	
	// configure High-Side Switch
	pinMode(HS_SWITCH,OUTPUT);
	digitalWrite(HS_SWITCH, HIGH); // default: Fan on
	

	// start serial port 
	Serial.begin(9600); 
	
	// Start up the temperature library 
	sensors.begin();
	sensors.requestTemperatures();


	// welcome message
	Serial.println("## Start of Program ##");
	Serial.println();

	Serial.println("# Connections #");

	Serial.println(" Temperature Sensor (VCC, Data, GND)");
	Serial.print(  "            Arduino: 3V3, D");
	Serial.print(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
	Serial.println("  , GND");
	Serial.println("            *additionally 4k7 pullup between VCC and Data");
	Serial.println();

	Serial.println(" 4-Pin Fan (GND, VCC, Sense, Control)");
	Serial.print(  "   Arduino: GND, 12V, n/C  , D");
	Serial.println(OC1B_PIN);
	Serial.println();
	
	Serial.println(" Optional High-Side Switch");
	Serial.print(  "   Arduino: D");
	Serial.println(HS_SWITCH);
	Serial.println();

	Serial.println("# Settings #");
	Serial.println(" Below this temperature (minus half hysteresis) the fan");
	Serial.println(" shuts off. It enables again at this temperature plus half hysteresis:");
	Serial.print("  tempLow: "); Serial.print(tempLow); Serial.println("°C");

	
	Serial.println(" At and above this temperature the fan is at maximum speed: ");
	Serial.print("  tempHigh: "); Serial.print(tempHigh); Serial.println("°C");
	Serial.println();
	
	Serial.println(" Between these two temperatures the fan is regulated from");
	Serial.println(" the minimum fan speed to maximum fan speed");
	Serial.println();
	
	Serial.println(" Hysteresis to prevent frequent on/off switching at the threshold");
	Serial.print("  hyteresis: "); Serial.print(hyteresis); Serial.println("°C");
	Serial.println();
	
	Serial.println(" Minimum fan speed to prevent stalling");
	Serial.print("  minDuty: "); Serial.print(minDuty); Serial.println(" %");
	Serial.println();

	Serial.println(" Maximum fan speed to limit noise");
	Serial.print("  maxDuty: "); Serial.print(maxDuty); Serial.println(" %");
	Serial.println();

	Serial.println(" The fan speed is adjusted at the following interval:");
	Serial.print("  tempSetInterval: "); Serial.print(tempSetInterval); Serial.println(" ms");


	Serial.println(); delay(100);
	Serial.println(); delay(100);
	Serial.println(); delay(100);
	Serial.println(); delay(100);
	Serial.println(); delay(100);
	Serial.println(); delay(100);
	Serial.println(); delay(100);

	Serial.println("# Main Loop");
	Serial.println("(temperature, state, Duty Cycle, Fan On/Off)");
	Serial.println();

}


// main loop ##############################################
void loop() {
	// measure temperature, calculate Duty cycle, set PWM
	tempToPwmDuty();
	// wait for a bit
	delay(tempSetInterval);
}




// setting PWM ############################################
void setPwmDuty() {
	if (duty == 0) {
		fanState = LOW;
		// Disable high side switch
		digitalWrite(HS_SWITCH, LOW);
	} else if (duty > 0) {
		fanState = HIGH;
		// Enable high side switch
		digitalWrite(HS_SWITCH, HIGH);
	}

	setFan(duty);

}


// calculate new PWM ######################################
void tempToPwmDuty() {

	sensors.requestTemperatures();

	float temp = sensors.getTempCByIndex(0);

	Serial.print(temp);
	Serial.print("°C, ");

	if (temp < tempLow) {
		// distinguish two cases to consider hyteresis
		if (fanState == HIGH) {
			if (temp < tempLow - (hyteresis / 2) ) {
				// fan is on, temp below threshold minus hysteresis -> switch off
				Serial.print("a, ");
				newDuty = 0;
			} else {
				// fan is on, temp not below threshold minus hysteresis -> keep minimum speed
				Serial.print("b, ");
				newDuty = minDuty;
			}
		} else if (fanState == LOW) {
			// fan is off, temp below threshold -> keep off
			Serial.print("c, ");
			newDuty = 0;
		}

	} else if (temp < tempHigh) {
		// distinguish two cases to consider hyteresis
		if (fanState == HIGH) {
			// fan is on, temp above threshold > control fan speed
			Serial.print("d, ");
			newDuty = map(temp, tempLow, tempHigh, minDuty, maxDuty);
		} else if (fanState == LOW) {
			if (temp > tempLow + (hyteresis / 2) ) {
				// fan is off, temp above threshold plus hysteresis -> switch on
				Serial.print("e, ");
				newDuty = minDuty;
			} else {
				// fan is on, temp not above threshold plus hysteresis -> keep off
				Serial.print("f, ");
				newDuty = 0;
			}
		}
	} else if (temp >= tempHigh) {
		// fan is on, temp above maximum temperature -> maximum speed
		Serial.print("g, ");
		newDuty = maxDuty;
	} else {
		// any other temperature -> maximum speed (this case should never occur)
		Serial.print("h, ");
		newDuty = maxDuty;
	}

 	//set new duty
 	duty = newDuty;

	Serial.print(duty);
  	Serial.print("%, ");

 	if (fanState==0) {Serial.println("OFF");} else {Serial.println("ON");}
	setPwmDuty();
}


// Setup Timer control
void setupTimer1(){
    //Set PWM frequency to about 25khz on pins 9,10 (timer 1 mode 10, no prescale, count to 320)
    TCCR1A = (1 << COM1A1) | (1 << COM1B1) | (1 << WGM11);
    TCCR1B = (1 << CS10) | (1 << WGM13);
    ICR1 = 320;
    OCR1A = 0;
    OCR1B = 0;
}
//equivalent of analogWrite on pin 10
void setFan(int fan){
	float f = fan;
	f = f / 100;
    f=f<0?0:f>1?1:f;
    OCR1B = (uint16_t)(320*f);
}

Can someone suggest a way for me to implement my use case by modifying the above code?

2

Yes

3

Please show a schematic of how you interfaced the first set

1 Like
4

Hello rohanpp02

Design and code a sketch for two physically separated OneWire sensors simply.

Have a nice day and enjoy coding in C++.

1 Like
5

image
image1920×1178 164 KB

6

Just duplicate the sections I circled in greem.
Connect the new temp sensor to D3 and the new fan pwm to D9

WiringDiagram_bb1
WiringDiagram_bb11920×1178 179 KB

7

So when you say new temp sensor to D3 I would code the following in addition to the above script:


// Digital pin of temperature sensor
//sensor 1 at D2
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS1 2
//sensor 2 at D3
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS2 3

// Setup a oneWire instance
//instance for sensor 1
OneWire oneWire1(ONE_WIRE_BUS1);  
//instance for sensor 2
OneWire oneWire2(ONE_WIRE_BUS2);  

// Setup temperature sensor library
//for sensor 1
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire1);
//for sensor 2
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire2);

Am I understanding this correctly?

8

I'm sorry, (a typo) there is only ONE oneWire bus, so the new DS18B20 also connects to pin D2.
So that part of the code remains unchanged.
This is a good tutorial on how to use two DS18B20s

9

Thanks everyone for your help. I managed to accomplish WM control 2 set of fans based on the temperatures of 2 different temperature DS18B20 sensors.
Leaving the code below for anyone who might need it in the future! Cheers!

// Fan_Temp_Control.ino ##############################################
/* This code was written to control the temperature inside a server cabinet
by measuring the temperature with a DS18b20 Temperature probe and
outputting a PWM signal with the Arduino Nano to control a 4-Pin fan.
Unlike the cheap control boards from Amazon or Ebay this code switches
the fan off when the temperature is low enough. */


/*

The following constants should be changed according to the use case:

constant (default value) - description

tempLow (35) - Below this temperature (minus half hysteresis) the fan shuts off.
               It shuts on again at this temperature plus half hysteresis

tempHigh (50) - At and above this temperature the fan is at maximum speed

hyteresis (5) - Hysteresis to prevent frequent on/off switching at the threshold

minDuty (10) - Minimum fan speed to prevent stalling
maxDuty (100) - Maximum fan speed to limit noise

 */


#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>

// Digital pin of temperature sensor
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS 12

// Setup a oneWire instance
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);

// Setup temperature sensor library
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);

// PWM output pin
const byte OC1B_PIN = 10;
const byte OC1A_PIN = 9;

// Digital pin for controlliing optional high side switch
// const byte HS_SWITCH = 9;

// how frequently the main loop runs
const int tempSetInterval = 5000;


// temperatur settings
const float tempLow = 35;
const float tempHigh = 55;
const float hyteresis = 5;
const int minDuty = 10;
const int maxDuty = 100;

// state on/off of Fan 1
bool fanState1 = HIGH;
// state on/off of Fan 2
bool fanState2 = HIGH;

// current duty cycle of Fan 1
byte duty1 = 100;
// current duty cycle of Fan 2
byte duty2 = 100;

// new duty cycle of Fan 1
byte newDuty1 = 100;
// new duty cycle of Fan 2
byte newDuty2 = 100;

//tempertature 1 (1m) sensor address
uint8_t sensor1[8] = { 0x28, 0x50, 0x3A, 0x81, 0xE3, 0xC8, 0x3C, 0xA3 };
//tempertature 2 (3m) sensor address
uint8_t sensor2[8] = { 0x28, 0x66, 0xD5, 0x76, 0xE0, 0x01, 0x3C, 0x5C };


void setup() {
  //enable output for Timer 1
  pinMode(OC1B_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(OC1A_PIN, OUTPUT);  
  setupTimer1();

  // configure High-Side Switch
  //pinMode(HS_SWITCH, OUTPUT);
  //digitalWrite(HS_SWITCH, HIGH);  // default: Fan on


  // start serial port
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // Start up the temperature library
  sensors.begin();
  sensors.requestTemperatures();


  // welcome message
  Serial.println("## Start of Program ##");
  Serial.println();

  Serial.println("# Connections #");

  Serial.println(" Temperature Sensor (VCC, Data, GND)");
  Serial.print("            Arduino: 3V3, D");
  Serial.print(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
  Serial.println("  , GND");
  Serial.println("            *additionally 4k7 pullup between VCC and Data");
  Serial.println();

  Serial.println(" 4-Pin Fan (GND, VCC, Sense, Control)");
  Serial.print("   Arduino: GND, 12V, n/C  , D");
  Serial.println(OC1B_PIN);
  Serial.println();

  Serial.println(" 4-Pin Fan (GND, VCC, Sense, Control)");
  Serial.print("   Arduino: GND, 12V, n/C  , D");
  Serial.println(OC1A_PIN);
  Serial.println();

//  Serial.println(" Optional High-Side Switch");
//  Serial.print("   Arduino: D");
//  Serial.println(HS_SWITCH);
//  Serial.println();

  Serial.println("# Settings #");
  Serial.println(" Below this temperature (minus half hysteresis) the fan");
  Serial.println(" shuts off. It enables again at this temperature plus half hysteresis:");
  Serial.print("  tempLow: ");
  Serial.print(tempLow);
  Serial.println("°C");


  Serial.println(" At and above this temperature the fan is at maximum speed: ");
  Serial.print("  tempHigh: ");
  Serial.print(tempHigh);
  Serial.println("°C");
  Serial.println();

  Serial.println(" Between these two temperatures the fan is regulated from");
  Serial.println(" the minimum fan speed to maximum fan speed");
  Serial.println();

  Serial.println(" Hysteresis to prevent frequent on/off switching at the threshold");
  Serial.print("  hyteresis: ");
  Serial.print(hyteresis);
  Serial.println("°C");
  Serial.println();

  Serial.println(" Minimum fan speed to prevent stalling");
  Serial.print("  minDuty: ");
  Serial.print(minDuty);
  Serial.println(" %");
  Serial.println();

  Serial.println(" Maximum fan speed to limit noise");
  Serial.print("  maxDuty: ");
  Serial.print(maxDuty);
  Serial.println(" %");
  Serial.println();

  Serial.println(" The fan speed is adjusted at the following interval:");
  Serial.print("  tempSetInterval: ");
  Serial.print(tempSetInterval);
  Serial.println(" ms");


  Serial.println();
  delay(100);
  Serial.println();
  delay(100);
  Serial.println();
  delay(100);
  Serial.println();
  delay(100);
  Serial.println();
  delay(100);
  Serial.println();
  delay(100);
  Serial.println();
  delay(100);

  Serial.println("# Main Loop");
  Serial.println("(sr.no, temperature, state, Duty Cycle, Fan On/Off)");
  Serial.println();
}


// main loop ##############################################
void loop() {
  // measure temperature, calculate Duty cycle, set PWM
  tempToPwmDuty();
  // wait for a bit
  delay(tempSetInterval);
}




// setting PWM ############################################
void setPwmDuty() {
  if (duty1 == 0) {
    fanState1 = LOW;
    // Disable high side switch
    //digitalWrite(HS_SWITCH, LOW);
  } else if (duty1 > 0) {
    fanState1 = HIGH;
    // Enable high side switch
    //digitalWrite(HS_SWITCH, HIGH);
  }
  if (duty2 == 0) {
    fanState2 = LOW;
    // Disable high side switch
    //digitalWrite(HS_SWITCH, LOW);
  } else if (duty2 > 0) {
    fanState2 = HIGH;
    // Enable high side switch
    //digitalWrite(HS_SWITCH, HIGH);
  }
  setFan(duty1, duty2);
}


// calculate new PWM ######################################
void tempToPwmDuty() {

  sensors.requestTemperatures();

  float temp1 = sensors.getTempC(sensor1);
  float temp2 = sensors.getTempC(sensor2);

  Serial.print("#1, ");
  Serial.print(temp1);
  Serial.print("°C, ");

  if (temp1 < tempLow) {
    // distinguish two cases to consider hyteresis
    if (fanState1 == HIGH) {
      if (temp1 < tempLow - (hyteresis / 2)) {
        // fan is on, temp below threshold minus hysteresis -> switch off
        Serial.print("a, ");
        newDuty1 = 0;
      } else {
        // fan is on, temp not below threshold minus hysteresis -> keep minimum speed
        Serial.print("b, ");
        newDuty1 = minDuty;
      }
    } else if (fanState1 == LOW) {
      // fan is off, temp below threshold -> keep off
      Serial.print("c, ");
      newDuty1 = 0;
    }

  } else if (temp1 < tempHigh) {
    // distinguish two cases to consider hyteresis
    if (fanState1 == HIGH) {
      // fan is on, temp above threshold > control fan speed
      Serial.print("d, ");
      newDuty1 = map(temp1, tempLow, tempHigh, minDuty, maxDuty);
    } else if (fanState1 == LOW) {
      if (temp1 > tempLow + (hyteresis / 2)) {
        // fan is off, temp above threshold plus hysteresis -> switch on
        Serial.print("e, ");
        newDuty1 = minDuty;
      } else {
        // fan is on, temp not above threshold plus hysteresis -> keep off
        Serial.print("f, ");
        newDuty1 = 0;
      }
    }
  } else if (temp1 >= tempHigh) {
    // fan is on, temp above maximum temperature -> maximum speed
    Serial.print("g, ");
    newDuty1 = maxDuty;
  } else {
    // any other temperature -> maximum speed (this case should never occur)
    Serial.print("h, ");
    newDuty1 = maxDuty;
  }

  //set new duty
  duty1 = newDuty1;

  Serial.print(duty1);
  Serial.print("%, ");

  if (fanState1 == 0) {
    Serial.println("OFF");
  } else {
    Serial.println("ON");
  }

  Serial.print("#2, ");
  Serial.print(temp2);
  Serial.print("°C, ");

  if (temp2 < tempLow) {
    // distinguish two cases to consider hyteresis
    if (fanState2 == HIGH) {
      if (temp2 < tempLow - (hyteresis / 2)) {
        // fan is on, temp below threshold minus hysteresis -> switch off
        Serial.print("a, ");
        newDuty2 = 0;
      } else {
        // fan is on, temp not below threshold minus hysteresis -> keep minimum speed
        Serial.print("b, ");
        newDuty2 = minDuty;
      }
    } else if (fanState2 == LOW) {
      // fan is off, temp below threshold -> keep off
      Serial.print("c, ");
      newDuty2 = 0;
    }

  } else if (temp2 < tempHigh) {
    // distinguish two cases to consider hyteresis
    if (fanState2 == HIGH) {
      // fan is on, temp above threshold > control fan speed
      Serial.print("d, ");
      newDuty2 = map(temp2, tempLow, tempHigh, minDuty, maxDuty);
    } else if (fanState2 == LOW) {
      if (temp2 > tempLow + (hyteresis / 2)) {
        // fan is off, temp above threshold plus hysteresis -> switch on
        Serial.print("e, ");
        newDuty2 = minDuty;
      } else {
        // fan is on, temp not above threshold plus hysteresis -> keep off
        Serial.print("f, ");
        newDuty2 = 0;
      }
    }
  } else if (temp2 >= tempHigh) {
    // fan is on, temp above maximum temperature -> maximum speed
    Serial.print("g, ");
    newDuty2 = maxDuty;
  } else {
    // any other temperature -> maximum speed (this case should never occur)
    Serial.print("h, ");
    newDuty2 = maxDuty;
  }

  //set new duty
  duty2 = newDuty2;

  Serial.print(duty2);
  Serial.print("%, ");

  if (fanState2 == 0) {
    Serial.println("OFF");
  } else {
    Serial.println("ON");
  }

  setPwmDuty();
}


// Setup Timer control
void setupTimer1() {
  //Set PWM frequency to about 25khz on pins 9,10 (timer 1 mode 10, no prescale, count to 320)
  TCCR1A = (1 << COM1A1) | (1 << COM1B1) | (1 << WGM11);
  TCCR1B = (1 << CS10) | (1 << WGM13);
  ICR1 = 320;
  OCR1A = 0;
  OCR1B = 0;
}
//equivalent of analogWrite on pin 10
void setFan(int fan1, int fan2) {
  float f1 = fan1;
  float f2 = fan2;
  f1 = f1 / 100;
  f1 = f1 < 0 ? 0 : f1 > 1 ? 1: f1;
  f2 = f2 / 100;
  f2 = f2 < 0 ? 0 : f2 > 1 ? 1: f2;
  OCR1B = (uint16_t)(320 * f1);
  OCR1A = (uint16_t)(320 * f2);  
}
10

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