I am trying to program my Arduino Pro mini with my CP2102 module but I keep getting the avrdude:stk500 error, and to my understanding everything looks fine. Help please.
Disconnect the CTS and it should work fine.
I did but I'm still getting the same error. 
Well, your wiring otherwise looks fine, and I've used the exact same SiLabs UART module (its one of the best of the low-cost ones). I'd look at the things PC-side unless that picture is your actual wiring pogo-pin style and not just for visual simplification..
You appear to be connecting one to the other by putting pins through plated holes.
That will not work.