You can not concatenate like that; data is only three bytes in size; there is no space to append. Either make everything Strings (not such a nice idea) or use something like below.
// buffer to hold up 31 characters and terminating nul character
// adjust size to needs
char buffer[32];
sprintf(buffer, "AA %d", msg_counter);
Serial.println(buffer);
Do you really need it? Can’t that be sent in two pieces?
For the previous solution - sprintf() is flash memory hungry, to save about 1.5kB if that matters then probably better to have a local buffer, load into the buffer with itoa() and use strcat() to build the final c-string