I am using the 6 pin ICSP header on the arduino to program from a Pi. I need to serially talk to the arduino to read data from something else. Right now I am using a USB cable. Could I ditch the cable and use those same pins to read data as spi?
Not "as SPI" but you might be able to send the data over SPI. The code for the Arduino can be pretty simple (depending on if you make it slave or master) but if the Pi software can handle the data via SPI, no idea (because I don't know what it is ;)).