Then you have either wired it up wrong, got the LED round the wrong way or you have a faulty transistor. Did you replace it because your previous circuit would have distroyed your previous one.
Have you set the arduino pin to the output mode in the setup() function?
That will blink faster than you can see and so should look half on. When you say nothing works exactly what to you see?
You should have a delay of something like at least 500 to give half a seconds delay.
I look at your picture, and I want to know what type of transistor you are using - NPN ? PNP ? MOSFET ? What ? Well you can tell by the number/letter in front of the transistor. The one you are using is a TO-220 <-- Package type. That tell me it is a "power type" I can handle a few amps.. And yes IT WILL get HOT !! if a lot of currents go through it. ( need a heatsink ) Here the site I use when I have a number/letter of a unknow transistor. http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/
Ok for exammple, the number 2N3904 is a NPN small signal general purpose - TO-92 package can only handle small current.
Small current ===> a street ( low traffic ) A high current ====> a 6 lane highway ( high traffic ).
And please tell us the number of that transistor you are using.
Now you tell me!!!!!
That is a FET it is not a transistor. All that stuff about how a transistor works is not relevant to your device. What is more your device requires 10V to turn it on. This is more than the arduino can supply so in general you can't use this device with the arrangement you have been looking for.
So how did you identify the emitter base and collector on you device because it doesn't have them. It has a gate drain and source. So basically you have been lying when you say you have.
I was having a feeling that was a MOSFET. That will explain the transistor got hot. Kiss goodbye the LED. I hope the Arduino is still working. Why you simply use a 2N3904 or something like that ? No parts, right ?