No - you can find chips that are rated to maybe 125C. They will cost more because they go thru extra screening, and will also run slower, as fast switching introduces more heat.
Hmm, looks like I was not quite correct - I had been looking at the -55C to 150C choices.
There are more in the -40C to 150C range.
Above 150C it drops off tho with just 5 parts total at 210C, 220, 225C, and all very expensive.
You know, I found a microcontroller rated for 225 C and a thermometer rated for 850 C! Unfortunately, I can't find a digital display with a rated operating temperature higher than 85 C.
The other part of the problem is that leaded solder melts at 183-200C; other solders at higher temps, but not way higher. Batteries don't do too well at elevated temp's either.
I found High Temperature Batteries these thermal batteries very interesting. Salt-base and active above 270 C. So cool, but I need the measure a range starting at 100 to 350 and possibly 500 C.
Can't you keep the electronics out of the elevated temps, and just have a probe in the hot part? That's what is normally done.
The probe outputs a small signal, a 15 or more bit ADC reads it, you do some math on the result to yield a temperature.
Part like MAX31865 for example. http://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX31865.pdf
Air probes can pick up the ambient temp.
Do a search on "pt100 high temperature air probe" for example,
find offerings like this:
"Platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) offer excellent accuracy over a wide temperature range (from -200 to +850 °C). "
I have designed MAX31865 for use with PT1000 in the past.