I've recently come across that when I disconnect and reconnect the main positive line (from SW position) to 3.3v and 5v buck converters, EEPROMs in both UNO and DS3231 gets reset.
further I hear a loud POP from the amp and when reconnecting the power line, I see sparks.
Keep in mind that breadboards are for temporary, low power logic circuits and cannot handle currents of more than a few hundred mA. The tracks tend to burn if higher.
No not the default power up reset behavior. Only when a certain button is pressed during power up will go in to EEPROM reset. But still, no code for RTC reset. RTC has it's own battery backup.
Time to do some serious debugging.
Does the RTC + EEPROM reset every time a power is applied?
Does it happen when other power source is used?
When you power on the PS while connected to the circuit instead of connecting powered PS?
What is voltage of the backup battery?
Does the RTC reset even with some minimal code? (Only read time and send it via Serial.)