Assuming the compiler also produces
a .asm and maybe a .lst file.
Where can I find these?
Enable "show verbose output during compilations" and compile a sketch. You will see references in the output to AppData (if your using Windows) or possibly a temp directory in other OSes.
E.g.
[size=small]
Linking everything together...
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr/bin/avr-gcc" -Wall -Wextra -Os -g -flto -fuse-linker-plugin -Wl,--gc-sections -mmcu=atmega32u4 -o "C:\Users\sterretje\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_119985/sketch_aug30a.ino.elf" "[b][color=red]C:\Users\sterretje\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_119985[/color][/b]\sketch\sketch_aug30a.ino.cpp.o" "C:\Users\sterretje\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_119985/core\core.a" "-LC:\Users\sterretje\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_119985" -lm
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr/bin/avr-objcopy" -O ihex -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom=alloc,load --no-change-warnings --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 "C:\Users\sterretje\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_119985/sketch_aug30a.ino.elf" "C:\Users\sterretje\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_119985/sketch_aug30a.ino.eep"
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr/bin/avr-objcopy" -O ihex -R .eeprom "C:\Users\sterretje\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_119985/sketch_aug30a.ino.elf" "C:\Users\sterretje\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_119985/sketch_aug30a.ino.hex"
Sketch uses 3616 bytes (12%) of program storage space. Maximum is 28672 bytes.
Global variables use 149 bytes (5%) of dynamic memory, leaving 2411 bytes for local variables. Maximum is 2560 bytes.
[/size]
Assuming the compiler also produces a .asm and maybe a .lst file.
It doesn't.
You can generate one from the .elf file using the xxx-objdump utility (whose output is usually MUCH more useful than the listing that the compiler would generate.)