Can I know the main difference between these 2 microcontrollers (Atmega328p and Atmega1284)
I have a project where I will be installing 1284 on Arduino Uno. Is that possible?
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No. It won't physically fit.
what other microcontroller do you recommend to install on uno ??
Only atmega328p
can I just use the1284 to create an Arduino?
Yes, on a breadboard for example.
yeah np, it does not have to be an uno
so since 1284 has more flash and ram than 328p will my board be better than uno? regardless of price
Better if you need to extra memory and IO pins.
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If your project needs the extra memory and pins, then yes. If not, it would be wasteful to use 1284 instead of 328.
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The 1284 used to be used on the Arduino Mega. If you select the mega you can choose between the 1284 and the 2560.
Looking at your other post you are wanting to make an Arduino like board using a processor that has not been used on a Arduino. This is clearly an assignment given to you. When is the deadline? Do you consider asking people what to choose is cheating? If not, why?
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I use these PCBs for my own projects.
Pin connectors for serial and I2C devices. A pin header for SPI device such as a TFT display, SD card adapter or other SPI devices. TL431 voltage reference. DS18B20 temeperature sensor. Mikrobus compatible socket for plug in modules such as LoRa, NRF24 etc. Circa 6uA deep sleep current with Watchdog (or RTC) wakeup. All through hole pin device soldering.
If you can solder surface mount you can add an RTC, I2C FRAM memory or SD card holder on the back, in addition to a MOSFET for powering stuff on\off.
It's not cheating I asked the doctor to do a research, and this is a project I have to build from scratch so asking for help to chose the microcontroller is just 1% of the whole project 
The 1284P, as in the picture above, is available in 40pin DIP format so is easy enough to proto-type on a breadboard or build up on 0.1" stripboard etc.
Better start polishing your PCB designing skills if this project is for your doctorate
Even with today’s declining educational standards you should not be getting a doctorate for such a small project.
So when did 1% cheating become 0%? A cheat is a cheat. Imagine if you managed to cheat by withholding 1% of your income tax bill, you would still be a criminal.
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You can choose to run the 1284 at up to 8MHz without connecting an external crystal. This will help to keep the circuit simple. 8MHz is fast enough for most Arduino projects.
You will need to install a "core" for the 1284 into the IDE, and optionally burn a bootloader into the chip. This core looks suitable. If you have a working Uno, you can use that to burn the bootloader into the chip, or to directly upload your code.
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I didn’t say that I will cheat 1%!!
I told you the doctor doesn’t mind if we ask people to find out the best microcontroller to use because that’s a small portion of the whole project
That was the ATmega1280, not 1284:
The ATmega1284 (and family) have never been used on an official Arduino board.
Sorry my bad.
The ATmega1284 used to be about the "best" AVR microcontroller available - more ROM, more RAM, more pins. and the usual set of peripherals. Several people/companies put it on Arduino-compatible boards. It was especially popular with the 3d printer crowd.
Nowadays, I'd be more inclined to look at the new AVR-DA and AVR-DB series (but there's no 40pin DIP.)