I have a small weather station based on a esp8266 running esphome. One of the sensor is a BMP280 3.3V over i2c, the sensor was working ok until yesterday, it suddenly went down to a solid and fixed -136.9 C⁰ (it doesn't change) and pressure of -4.2 hpa (it changes if blow some air over the sensor). I checked it out with a simple Arduino sketch on a different board but it I got the same results.
Any idea, is it broken?
Check the PCBs for corrosion due to condensation and electrolysis. Any out-of-doors electronics will fail sooner or later, unless very carefully protected from the environment.
The module itself is old (2 years since I bought it), but It was on its antistatic bag. It was running for about a month chilling on my desk. Not visible rust.
You might want to look at something like an SHTC3 from Sensirion. It's rate up to 100% humidity and 125 degrees C so it might last a little longer than a BMP280.
Every sensor the OP puts in the environment to be sensed is going to be subject to the same environment. The sensor doesn't change the environment that it's sensing.
And oxygen is corrosive to ALL sensors. Not just Humidity sensors.
And there is not debate between a BMP280 or a Senserion sensor like an SHTC3. The SHT is just a better sensor. It has a longer lifetime, more accuracy, larger operating range. I mean, there's just no comparison.
These are even better if you can afford them.
They get washed every 6 to 9 months, last just over a couple of years in a production line bakery.
Changing the replaceable filter helps too.