In the datasheet you refer to, they give some advice on layout, my advice is to use this: distance between some components definitely affects the efficiency of your converter
Yes the booster will work with varying input voltages. Is your question whether your calculations are right ? You got the drawing and the right formulas from the datasheet, values seem to be ok, so go for it. The proof of the pudding, etc.
Pick your components with care, if they say you need a tantalum capacitor, you likely need a tantalum capacitor. Converters can be quite picky.
Switching supplies are very picky about the passive components you are using and how the PCB is laid out. Proper ground planes are critical. You really need to follow the guidelines in the datasheet for both.
Follow all the advice in the datasheet, basically. This is a high frequency converter so groundplane and surface mount
components are simply assumed if not stated. Specifications of L and C's are crucial, this means all the specifications,
not just the value (including self-resonant frequency for the inductor, ESR and ESL for capacitors). Just copy the examples
from the datasheet for an easy life!
If you have to substitute for the inductor go for one with lower/equal series resistance, higher/equal self-resonant
frequency, higher/equal DC current rating.
