Ethernet_Generic Library

Ethernet_Generic library GitHub release
How To Install Using Arduino Library Manager


Features

This Ethernet_Generic library is a port and modification to merge, as many as possible, the features of the following libraries
- Ethernet
- EthernetLarge
- Ethernet2
- Ethernet3

for AVR, Portenta_H7, Teensy, SAM DUE, Arduino SAMD21, Adafruit SAMD21/SAMD51, Adafruit nRF52, ESP32/ESP8266, STM32, RP2040-based, etc. boards using Ethernet W5x00 shields.

The h-only library now supports SPI2, most of EthernetLarge, Ethernet2 and Ethernet3 features by simply changing definitions in the sketch.


Currently supported Boards

This Ethernet_Generic library currently supports these following boards:

  1. nRF52 boards, such as AdaFruit Feather nRF52832, nRF52840 Express, BlueFruit Sense, Itsy-Bitsy nRF52840 Express, Metro nRF52840 Express, NINA_B302_ublox, NINA_B112_ublox, etc.
  2. SAM DUE
  3. SAMD21
  • Arduino SAMD21: ZERO, MKRs, NANO_33_IOT, etc.
  • Adafruit SAMD21 (M0): ItsyBitsy M0, Feather M0, Feather M0 Express, Metro M0 Express, Circuit Playground Express, Trinket M0, PIRkey, Hallowing M0, Crickit M0, etc.
  • Seeeduino: LoRaWAN, Zero, Femto M0, XIAO M0, Wio GPS Board, etc.
  1. SAMD51
  • Adafruit SAMD51 (M4): Metro M4, Grand Central M4, ItsyBitsy M4, Feather M4 Express, Trellis M4, Metro M4 AirLift Lite, MONSTER M4SK Express, Hallowing M4, etc.
  • Seeeduino: Wio Terminal, Grove UI Wireless
  1. Teensy (4.1, 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3,2, 3.1, 3.0, LC)

  2. AVR Mega1280, 2560, ADK.

  3. ESP32, using SPI or SPI2

  4. ESP8266

  5. RP2040-based boards, such as RASPBERRY_PI_PICO, ADAFRUIT_FEATHER_RP2040 and GENERIC_RP2040, using Arduino-mbed RP2040 core or Earle Philhower's arduino-pico core.

  6. Portenta_H7

  7. Arduino UNO WiFi Rev2, AVR_NANO_EVERY, etc.

Currently supported Ethernet shields/modules

  1. W5x00 shield /module


Changelog

Releases v2.0.0

  1. Initial porting and coding to merge, as many as possible, the features of the following libraries :

  2. Add support to ESP32 SPI2

  3. Convert to h-only library

  4. Add debug feature

  5. Optimize code to reduce compiled binary size

  6. Add Packages' Patches


Examples

  1. multiFileProject
  2. TelnetClient
  3. UdpNTPClient
  4. UdpSendReceive
  5. WebClient
  6. WebClient_ESP
  7. WebClient_ESP_SPI2
  8. WebClientRepeating
  9. WebClientRepeating_ESP
  10. WebClientRepeating_ESP_SPI2
  11. WebServer

Debug Terminal Output Samples

1. WebClientRepeating_ESP_SPI2 on ESP32_DEV

The following are debug terminal output when running example WebClientRepeating_ESP_SPI2 on ESP32_DEV with W5500 using Ethernet_Generic Library on SPI2

Starting WebClientRepeating_ESP_SPI2 on ESP32_DEV with W5x00 using Ethernet_Generic Library on SPI2
Ethernet_Generic v2.0.0
=========================
Currently Used SPI pinout:
MOSI:13
MISO:12
SCK:14
SS:5
=========================
Using mac index = 19
Connected! IP address: 192.168.2.95
Speed: 100 MB, Duplex: FULL DUPLEX, Link status: LINK

Starting connection to server...

Connecting...
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.4.2
Date: Fri, 01 Apr 2022 19:00:28 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 2318
Last-Modified: Thu, 24 Feb 2022 11:33:35 GMT
Connection: close
Vary: Accept-Encoding
ETag: "62176d0f-90e"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

Please use http://arduino.tips/asciilogo.txt via HTTP

           `:;;;,`                      .:;;:.           
        .;;;;;;;;;;;`                :;;;;;;;;;;:     TM 
      `;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;`            :;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;      
     :;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;         `;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;     
    ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;       .;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;    
   ;;;;;;;;:`   `;;;;;;;;;     ,;;;;;;;;.`   .;;;;;;;;   
  .;;;;;;,         :;;;;;;;   .;;;;;;;          ;;;;;;;  
  ;;;;;;             ;;;;;;;  ;;;;;;,            ;;;;;;. 
 ,;;;;;               ;;;;;;.;;;;;;`              ;;;;;; 
 ;;;;;.                ;;;;;;;;;;;`      ```       ;;;;;`
 ;;;;;                  ;;;;;;;;;,       ;;;       .;;;;;
`;;;;:                  `;;;;;;;;        ;;;        ;;;;;
,;;;;`    `,,,,,,,,      ;;;;;;;      .,,;;;,,,     ;;;;;
:;;;;`    .;;;;;;;;       ;;;;;,      :;;;;;;;;     ;;;;;
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 ;;;;;                  ;;;;;;;;;        ;;;        ;;;;;
 ;;;;;                 .;;;;;;;;;;       ;;;       ;;;;;,
 ;;;;;;               `;;;;;;;;;;;;                ;;;;; 
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      ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;           :;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:     
       ,;;;;;;;;;;;;;,              ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;       
         .;;;;;;;;;`                  ,;;;;;;;;:         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
    ;;;   ;;;;;`  ;;;;:  .;;  ;; ,;;;;;, ;;. `;,  ;;;;   
    ;;;   ;;:;;;  ;;;;;; .;;  ;; ,;;;;;: ;;; `;, ;;;:;;  
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   ;; ;:  ;;  ;;  ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;;;;`;, ;;  ;;. 
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  ,;;;;;  ;;`;;   ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;; ;;;, ;;  ;;  
  ;;  ,;, ;; .;;  ;;;;;:  ;;;;;: ,;;;;;: ;;  ;;, ;;;;;;  
  ;;   ;; ;;  ;;` ;;;;.   `;;;:  ,;;;;;, ;;  ;;,  ;;;;   

2. WebClient on MBED RASPBERRY_PI_PICO with Large Buffer

The following are debug terminal output when running example WebClient on MBED RASPBERRY_PI_PICO with W5500 using Ethernet_Generic Library and ArduinoCore-mbed mbed_rp2040 core

Starting WebClient on MBED RASPBERRY_PI_PICO with W5x00 using Ethernet_Generic Library with Large Buffer
=========================
Currently Used SPI pinout:
MOSI:19
MISO:16
SCK:18
SS:17
=========================
Using mac index = 16
Connected! IP address: 192.168.2.80
Speed: 100 MB, Duplex: FULL DUPLEX, Link status: LINK

Starting connection to server...
Connected to server
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.4.2
Date: Sun, 03 Apr 2022 02:19:29 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 2317
Last-Modified: Thu, 24 Feb 2022 11:33:32 GMT
Connection: close
Vary: Accept-Encoding
ETag: "62176d0c-90d"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

Please use http://arduino.tips/asciilogo.txt via HTTP

           `:;;;,`                      .:;;:.           
        .;;;;;;;;;;;`                :;;;;;;;;;;:     TM 
      `;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;`            :;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;      
     :;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;         `;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;     
    ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;       .;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;    
   ;;;;;;;;:`   `;;;;;;;;;     ,;;;;;;;;.`   .;;;;;;;;   
  .;;;;;;,         :;;;;;;;   .;;;;;;;          ;;;;;;;  
  ;;;;;;             ;;;;;;;  ;;;;;;,            ;;;;;;. 
 ,;;;;;               ;;;;;;.;;;;;;`              ;;;;;; 
 ;;;;;.                ;;;;;;;;;;;`      ```       ;;;;;`
 ;;;;;                  ;;;;;;;;;,       ;;;       .;;;;;
`;;;;:                  `;;;;;;;;        ;;;        ;;;;;
,;;;;`    `,,,,,,,,      ;;;;;;;      .,,;;;,,,     ;;;;;
:;;;;`    .;;;;;;;;       ;;;;;,      :;;;;;;;;     ;;;;;
:;;;;`    .;;;;;;;;      `;;;;;;      :;;;;;;;;     ;;;;;
.;;;;.                   ;;;;;;;.        ;;;        ;;;;;
 ;;;;;                  ;;;;;;;;;        ;;;        ;;;;;
 ;;;;;                 .;;;;;;;;;;       ;;;       ;;;;;,
 ;;;;;;               `;;;;;;;;;;;;                ;;;;; 
 `;;;;;,             .;;;;;; ;;;;;;;              ;;;;;; 
  ;;;;;;:           :;;;;;;.  ;;;;;;;            ;;;;;;  
   ;;;;;;;`       .;;;;;;;,    ;;;;;;;;        ;;;;;;;:  
    ;;;;;;;;;:,:;;;;;;;;;:      ;;;;;;;;;;:,;;;;;;;;;;   
    `;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;.        ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;    
      ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;           :;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:     
       ,;;;;;;;;;;;;;,              ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;       
         .;;;;;;;;;`                  ,;;;;;;;;:         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
    ;;;   ;;;;;`  ;;;;:  .;;  ;; ,;;;;;, ;;. `;,  ;;;;   
    ;;;   ;;:;;;  ;;;;;; .;;  ;; ,;;;;;: ;;; `;, ;;;:;;  
   ,;:;   ;;  ;;  ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;;;,`;, ;;  ;;  
   ;; ;:  ;;  ;;  ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;;;;`;, ;;  ;;. 
   ;: ;;  ;;;;;:  ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;;`;;;, ;;  ;;` 
  ,;;;;;  ;;`;;   ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;; ;;;, ;;  ;;  
  ;;  ,;, ;; .;;  ;;;;;:  ;;;;;: ,;;;;;: ;;  ;;, ;;;;;;  
  ;;   ;; ;;  ;;` ;;;;.   `;;;:  ,;;;;;, ;;  ;;,  ;;;;   

Disconnecting from server...

Hello Khoi. the Ethernet library repository has my new example PagerServer. If you could check if it works and include it in your new library. (I have a PR with the example in WiFiNINA too. it is included in esp8266 WiFi library too and of course it is in my WiFiEspAT too)

1 Like

Thanks @Juraj

Just modified, tested OK and add your example to the library as PagerServer

Starting PagerServer on MBED RASPBERRY_PI_PICO with W5x00 using Ethernet_Generic Library with Large Buffer
Ethernet_Generic v2.0.0
=========================
Currently Used SPI pinout:
MOSI:19
MISO:16
SCK:18
SS:17
=========================
Using mac index = 16
Connected! IP address: 192.168.2.80
Speed: 100 MB, Duplex: FULL DUPLEX, Link status: LINK

To access the server, connect with Telnet client to 192.168.2.80 2323
test
test ok

1 Like

Releases v2.0.1

  1. Add support to SPI1 for RP2040 using Earle Philhower's arduino-pico core
  2. Add example WebClientRepeating_RP2040_SPI1 to demo the new feature
  3. Update Packages' Patches

Releases v2.1.0

  1. Add support to WIZNet W5100S shield /module, such as WIZnet Ethernet HAT and W5100S-EVB-Pico. Check Wiznet W5100S #56 and Wiznet 5100 vs 5100s?

Releases v2.2.0

  1. Add support to STM32 boards using Arduino_Core_STM32
  2. Add support to any board with core supporting custom hardware / software SPI, for example STM32.

Debug Terminal Output

1. WebClientRepeating on NUCLEO_F767ZI with W5x00 using Ethernet_Generic Library with SPI2

The following are debug terminal output when running example WebClientRepeating on NUCLEO_F767ZI with W5500 using Ethernet_Generic Library and SPI2

Start WebClientRepeating on NUCLEO_F767ZI with W5x00 using Ethernet_Generic Library with Large Buffer
Ethernet_Generic v2.2.0
[ETG] Default SPI pinout:
[ETG] MOSI: 22
[ETG] MISO: 25
[ETG] SCK: 23
[ETG] SS: 24
[ETG] =========================
[ETG] Board : NUCLEO_F767ZI , setCsPin: 24
[ETG] W5100 init, using SS_PIN_DEFAULT = 10 , new ss_pin =  10 , W5100Class::ss_pin =  24
[ETG] Chip is W5500
[ETG] W5100::init: W5500, SSIZE = 8192
[ETG] Currently Used SPI pinout:
[ETG] MOSI: 22
[ETG] MISO: 25
[ETG] SCK: 23
[ETG] SS: 24
[ETG] =========================
Connected! IP address: 192.168.2.123
Connecting...
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 03 May 2022 02:21:30 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 2263
Connection: close
x-amz-id-2: 3UTJOk8AtRD5jCq+6bBOdAUucpho+KMM4ra+5/evX48oAT9NyZiaJbPNw5DOAr+amoxXbxbowX0=
x-amz-request-id: RB5W2BTZZ19E49PA
Last-Modified: Wed, 23 Feb 2022 14:56:42 GMT
ETag: "667cf48afcc12c38c8c1637947a04224"
CF-Cache-Status: DYNAMIC
Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=GhwgztuLVJJhJBZt6cqr%2BYWDLWUzEcRPjVVpSU3Sz9KSRzj4q4DK9bvi1B2BSl7uxytKSSxOFBnKeekqPJw9LvpyYpYvHuOVcxatw924HWhtyK1OCApzLxZRLmobotQ%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
NEL: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Server: cloudflare
CF-RAY: 705586061d4354d9-YYZ
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400, h3-29=":443"; ma=86400


           `:;;;,`                      .:;;:.           
        .;;;;;;;;;;;`                :;;;;;;;;;;:     TM 
      `;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;`            :;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;      
     :;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;         `;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;     
    ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;       .;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;    
   ;;;;;;;;:`   `;;;;;;;;;     ,;;;;;;;;.`   .;;;;;;;;   
  .;;;;;;,         :;;;;;;;   .;;;;;;;          ;;;;;;;  
  ;;;;;;             ;;;;;;;  ;;;;;;,            ;;;;;;. 
 ,;;;;;               ;;;;;;.;;;;;;`              ;;;;;; 
 ;;;;;.                ;;;;;;;;;;;`      ```       ;;;;;`
 ;;;;;                  ;;;;;;;;;,       ;;;       .;;;;;
`;;;;:                  `;;;;;;;;        ;;;        ;;;;;
,;;;;`    `,,,,,,,,      ;;;;;;;      .,,;;;,,,     ;;;;;
:;;;;`    .;;;;;;;;       ;;;;;,      :;;;;;;;;     ;;;;;
:;;;;`    .;;;;;;;;      `;;;;;;      :;;;;;;;;     ;;;;;
.;;;;.                   ;;;;;;;.        ;;;        ;;;;;
 ;;;;;                  ;;;;;;;;;        ;;;        ;;;;;
 ;;;;;                 .;;;;;;;;;;       ;;;       ;;;;;,
 ;;;;;;               `;;;;;;;;;;;;                ;;;;; 
 `;;;;;,             .;;;;;; ;;;;;;;              ;;;;;; 
  ;;;;;;:           :;;;;;;.  ;;;;;;;            ;;;;;;  
   ;;;;;;;`       .;;;;;;;,    ;;;;;;;;        ;;;;;;;:  
    ;;;;;;;;;:,:;;;;;;;;;:      ;;;;;;;;;;:,;;;;;;;;;;   
    `;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;.        ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;    
      ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;           :;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:     
       ,;;;;;;;;;;;;;,              ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;       
         .;;;;;;;;;`                  ,;;;;;;;;:         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
    ;;;   ;;;;;`  ;;;;:  .;;  ;; ,;;;;;, ;;. `;,  ;;;;   
    ;;;   ;;:;;;  ;;;;;; .;;  ;; ,;;;;;: ;;; `;, ;;;:;;  
   ,;:;   ;;  ;;  ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;;;,`;, ;;  ;;  
   ;; ;:  ;;  ;;  ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;;;;`;, ;;  ;;. 
   ;: ;;  ;;;;;:  ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;;`;;;, ;;  ;;` 
  ,;;;;;  ;;`;;   ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;; ;;;, ;;  ;;  
  ;;  ,;, ;; .;;  ;;;;;:  ;;;;;: ,;;;;;: ;;  ;;, ;;;;;;  
  ;;   ;; ;;  ;;` ;;;;.   `;;;:  ,;;;;;, ;;  ;;,  ;;;;   

Releases v2.3.0

  1. Add support to custom SPI for RP2040, Nano_RP2040_Connect, Portenta_H7, etc. using Arduino-mbed core

Debug Terminal Output

1. WebClientRepeating_RP2040_SPI1 on MBED RASPBERRY_PI_PICO with W5x00 using Ethernet_Generic Library with Large Buffer

The following are debug terminal output when running example WebClientRepeating_RP2040_SPI1 on MBED RASPBERRY_PI_PICO with W5500 using Ethernet_Generic Library and SPI2

Starting WebClientRepeating_RP2040_SPI1 on MBED RASPBERRY_PI_PICO with W5x00 using Ethernet_Generic Library with Large Buffer
Ethernet_Generic v2.3.0
[ETG] Default SPI pinout:
[ETG] MOSI: 15
[ETG] MISO: 12
[ETG] SCK: 14
[ETG] SS: 13
[ETG] =========================
[ETG] RPIPICO setCsPin: 13
[ETG] W5100 init, using SS_PIN_DEFAULT = 13 , new ss_pin =  10 , W5100Class::ss_pin =  13
[ETG] Chip is W5500
[ETG] W5100::init: W5500, SSIZE = 8192
[ETG] Currently Used SPI pinout:
[ETG] MOSI: 15
[ETG] MISO: 12
[ETG] SCK: 14
[ETG] SS: 13
[ETG] =========================
Using mac index = 18
Connected! IP address: 192.168.2.85
Speed: 100 MB, Duplex: FULL DUPLEX, Link status: LINK

Connecting...
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 04 May 2022 02:52:56 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 2263
Connection: close
x-amz-id-2: 8vpqIozCfHQtWmljz3zKcVb5oa2m61jwYMh4PaSUwllVqFPdlotFeMd8kbtXto0B1tOusMAUwRI=
x-amz-request-id: 625R5E0MEMACW8E3
Last-Modified: Wed, 23 Feb 2022 14:56:42 GMT
ETag: "667cf48afcc12c38c8c1637947a04224"
CF-Cache-Status: DYNAMIC
Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=PtWJxKSeTy2pn3lC8%2FpwyFTn96Mj1T%2B%2FKoMsFHN4IUM4loCow6T01wiMe%2BJzJMIHZS2np%2F8CCNhjwRu%2FwSpDwtwl%2FoD7YPSnSCxjiAChJ7n%2FZq2yn1s5yBTBQf6op8M%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
NEL: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Server: cloudflare
CF-RAY: 705df1758fde3fde-YYZ
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400, h3-29=":443"; ma=86400


           `:;;;,`                      .:;;:.           
        .;;;;;;;;;;;`                :;;;;;;;;;;:     TM 
      `;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;`            :;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;      
     :;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;         `;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;     
    ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;       .;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;    
   ;;;;;;;;:`   `;;;;;;;;;     ,;;;;;;;;.`   .;;;;;;;;   
  .;;;;;;,         :;;;;;;;   .;;;;;;;          ;;;;;;;  
  ;;;;;;             ;;;;;;;  ;;;;;;,            ;;;;;;. 
 ,;;;;;               ;;;;;;.;;;;;;`              ;;;;;; 
 ;;;;;.                ;;;;;;;;;;;`      ```       ;;;;;`
 ;;;;;                  ;;;;;;;;;,       ;;;       .;;;;;
`;;;;:                  `;;;;;;;;        ;;;        ;;;;;
,;;;;`    `,,,,,,,,      ;;;;;;;      .,,;;;,,,     ;;;;;
:;;;;`    .;;;;;;;;       ;;;;;,      :;;;;;;;;     ;;;;;
:;;;;`    .;;;;;;;;      `;;;;;;      :;;;;;;;;     ;;;;;
.;;;;.                   ;;;;;;;.        ;;;        ;;;;;
 ;;;;;                  ;;;;;;;;;        ;;;        ;;;;;
 ;;;;;                 .;;;;;;;;;;       ;;;       ;;;;;,
 ;;;;;;               `;;;;;;;;;;;;                ;;;;; 
 `;;;;;,             .;;;;;; ;;;;;;;              ;;;;;; 
  ;;;;;;:           :;;;;;;.  ;;;;;;;            ;;;;;;  
   ;;;;;;;`       .;;;;;;;,    ;;;;;;;;        ;;;;;;;:  
    ;;;;;;;;;:,:;;;;;;;;;:      ;;;;;;;;;;:,;;;;;;;;;;   
    `;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;.        ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;    
      ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;           :;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:     
       ,;;;;;;;;;;;;;,              ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;       
         .;;;;;;;;;`                  ,;;;;;;;;:         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
                                                         
    ;;;   ;;;;;`  ;;;;:  .;;  ;; ,;;;;;, ;;. `;,  ;;;;   
    ;;;   ;;:;;;  ;;;;;; .;;  ;; ,;;;;;: ;;; `;, ;;;:;;  
   ,;:;   ;;  ;;  ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;;;,`;, ;;  ;;  
   ;; ;:  ;;  ;;  ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;;;;`;, ;;  ;;. 
   ;: ;;  ;;;;;:  ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;;`;;;, ;;  ;;` 
  ,;;;;;  ;;`;;   ;;  ;; .;;  ;;   ,;,   ;; ;;;, ;;  ;;  
  ;;  ,;, ;; .;;  ;;;;;:  ;;;;;: ,;;;;;: ;;  ;;, ;;;;;;  
  ;;   ;; ;;  ;;` ;;;;.   `;;;:  ,;;;;;, ;;  ;;,  ;;;;   

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