How come my MOSFET was a "smoking", I thought it was rated high enough.

I have used a small mosfet that will switch via the 5V signal from arduino into another larger mosfet that is hooked to a 12 50W halogen down light.

The bigger mosfet is an IRF3205 http://www.irf.com/product-info/datasheets/data/irf3205.pdf

Here are the main stats:
Continous drain current 80A at 100deg., 110A at 25deg, pulsed drain current is 390A
Power dissipation , 200W
Gate to source voltage +-20

If my light is 50W, don't I have 150W left to play with?

I did not have a heatsink on it.
Do you have to have a heat sink bolted to it always? I thought you can use mosfets with out heat sinks at lower power levels??

Whats the gate - source voltage on the large mosfet?
To turn it on hard so that its dissipation is low, you will need close to 20V.
5 V wont turn it on hard , so its dissipation will be high, hence the heat build up.

Yes I do remember reading something about that. It is getting about 12.56v to turn it on. Which is what is switched on via the smaller mosfet behind it.

All I have to work with is that 12.5 volts. Should I source a better suited mosfet?

Yes it is quite possible to 'smoke' a power MOSFET even when operating at less then it's max rated current. To try and figure out what you may have wrong a few questions:

Are you PWM switching the lamp to simulate a dimming ability?

Can you draw up your complete wiring of the small mosfet driving the large mosfet and the lamp? I'm betting that you do not have a active current sink and current source driving the gate of the larger mosfet and because the larger mosfets have significant gate capacitance that must be charged and discharged as fast as possible or there will be higher heat dissipation during the switching transitions that could be your source of problem.

The IRF3205 is not logic level so you can't expect it to switch with 5V - it's spec'd for a minimum of 10V gate voltage.

The only important specs of a switching MOSFET are voltage and the Rds(on) value and the Vgs value that goes with it. In most cases I've seen the maximum current is simply the maximum power rating with infinite heatsink (recast as a current value). Unless you are providing water-cooling you won't be running at anything like that current!

A 12V 50W halogen will take about 4A steady state, so for less than 0.25W dissipation (no heatsink required), you'd choose Rds(on) of 15milliohms or less. Here the IRF3205 is fine (so long as you drive it with 10V or more).

So clearly you are either failing to provide 10V drive, or your circuit is wrong (using source-follower rather than common-source configuration perhaps?)

Okay I have made up a diagram, and have noticed a wrong hook up. You will see a red line where it is wrong.

Yes it is connected to a PWM output on the arduino.

I have a smaller mosfet to turn the bigger one one, like a darlington pair I guess.

See the schmatic.

I did not have a heatsink on it.

A 12v 50w bulb has a resistance of 3ohm when fully lit, and much lower when cold, like when it is driven from a 5v source.

Let's say that it has a cold resistance of 0.3ohm, and the current going through it is 15amp. That creates 15158mohm = 2w of power dissipation on your mosfet.

The datasheet suggests that your mosfet has a thermal resistance of 62c/w -> at 2w of dissipation, its temperature rise is 120c -> buff!

I would suggest that you use a beefier device (to220) and put a heatsink on that mosfet.

The one that is smoking is a to220 size, but just no heatsink.

How did you work out that the bulb has a resistance of 3ohm when fully lit?

What is that 15x15x8mohm calculation called, so I can look it up and study it a bit.

I am aware you can also calculate how much temperaure a heatsink will suck off the mosfet. But what size do I get 1" x 1" size?
Ahh, just had a look at it in a catalog and it says a degreeCelcius/W
example there is one here that is for a to-220, that is 19degree celcius/W (watt I assume)

How does this work then? It will suck away 19 degrees for every watt of power?
Then if I look at the much larger heatsinks they are rated at like 1.4degrees celcius/W, I know they will take the heat away better than the smaller ones but they have a lower temp/watt value???

The thermal resistance is the temprature rise per watt, so at 19 c per watt, you have two wats of power and the temprature rises by 38 degrees.

apples:
Okay I have made up a diagram, and have noticed a wrong hook up. You will see a red line where it is wrong.

Yes it is connected to a PWM output on the arduino.

I have a smaller mosfet to turn the bigger one one, like a darlington pair I guess.

See the schmatic.

Yes, that is a mess and the red wire is confusing, it's wrong because it's there or it's wrong because it wasn't there and you added it? Either way that is not a good gate driving circuit because it's relying on a passive pull down resistor to turn the large mosfet off, which means it has to allow for a time constant of 10k ohms X the mosfet gate capacitance to fully turn off, which means the mosfet is dissipating significant heat while in that slow transition time from on to off.

A far better solution would be to just use a 'logic level' power mosfet to begin with and eliminate the need for a 'driver' mosfet. Here is an example that would work well. https://www.sparkfun.com/products/10213

Lefty

ahh, so instead of being the 120deg as mentioned before with no heatsink, with the heatsink it would only be 38deg then?

Have a read of this
http://www.thebox.myzen.co.uk/Tutorial/Power.html

No one seems to have mentioned it, but your driver ckt is completely wrong.

You do not bias MOSFETs the same way you bias BJTs. A Darlington ckt is
wired as it is to increase the base-current drive into the 2nd BJT, ie IC1
becomes IB2.

What you need to do with n-MOSFETs is make the gate-source voltage large
[ie, typically 10V plus]. With your ckt, you are actually losing gate-source
voltage for your 2nd MOSFET.

  1. as others mentioned, try a logic-level MOSFET, eg IRL540, where you'll
    get a good turnon with Vgs=5V.

  2. go look up how to design a proper MOSFET driver.

OK that driving circuit is plain wrong. The first device (for which you've used an NPN symbol, not an n-channel FET) is in source-follower mode - this is no good at all, it won't pull up the second devices gate more than a volt or two.

The first device must be a common-source stage, with a drain load resistor to the +12V rail (something like 1k perhaps). This will level convert from 5V to 12V (and invert the logic). This can then drive the second devices gate at suitable levels to actually turn it on.

yeah righto , totally confused now, lol.

This is where I get my parts from as the hve a shop in town. http://www.jaycar.com.au/index.asp

Can some one find me a suitable mosfet, the one you mentioned the IRL540 is not listed (I do not think) .

MarkT:
The first device must be a common-source stage, with a drain load resistor to the +12V rail (something like 1k perhaps). This will level convert from 5V to 12V (and invert the logic). This can then drive the second devices gate at suitable levels to actually turn it on.

This looks like the right circuit to drive a 12V 3A load for my project (LED ribbon). Can I drive the load at 2Khz (switch on/off 2000 times a second) with this circuit, without wrecking the FET?

Also, are there alternatives to this circuit, e.g. a single component that integrates an equivalent of this whole circuit into it -- logic-controlled high-amperage 12V amplifiers in a single package? (even if a few dollars extra)

EDIT -- Found a ready made multiple-channel Arduino amplifier board suitable for 12 volt control.
http://www.elechouse.com/elechouse/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=&products_id=1812

You want almost any n-channel MOSFET in TO220 package with
an "L" in the part-number.

MarkT showed a reasonable MOSFET driver ckt. It has an inverter 1st stage,
so the I/O pin works backwards, ie "1" output turns off the load.

how about a BUZ71
www.jaycar.com.au/images.../BUZ71.PDF

has a vgs of max 4v

should only need one as it can switch 50v 14A

ohh, and a heatsink

How about posting a link that works?

http://www.jaycar.com.au/productView.asp?ID=ZT2225

there is a pdf data sheet there