How thick of wire do I need for WS2812B and Arduino Mega

Hello
I creating LED screen using leds ws2812b controlled by Arduino Mega.

Size of sceern around 160cm x 160cm
50 leds x 50 leds =2500 leds
ws2812b 5v
30 leds/m
9w /m

Power requirements
2500 leds x 0,3 w/led = 750 w
750 w / 5 v = 150 A
length of copper power cable will be around 3 meters

The questions are:

  1. I would like how thick of wire do I need for WS2812B and Arduino Mega. Please see picture.
  2. Do I need add any capacitor or something else
  3. Shoul I add any fuse before power supply?

I will appreciate your help.
Thank you

Paul

Here you go! Wire size vs. amps

1 Like

Thank you for your replay, but is not clear and calculator does not give clear answer

How clear does it need to be that for 150 amps you need AWG wire size 1/0.

1 Like

You can also check the table here

https://precmfgco.com/wire-gauge-sizes-guide/

and come to the same result as @Paul_KD7HB already posted ...

You may also want to consider some tolerances to be on the safe side unless you plan to use the cable for heating ... :wink:

1 Like

With separate wire-runs to each strip you can get-away with "reasonable" wire.

For 150 Amps, 0 gauge or 1 Gauge wire!!!! Not really practical. And at low voltages you might need heavier gauge because "every volt counts". But your runs are short so that helps to minimize the voltage drop.

Here's another chart

Adafruit recommends a 1000uF capacitor across the power supply. That's probably not necessary with your "high power" power supply.

And they recommend a 100 Ohm resistor in series with the data line(s). I believe that's to protect the Arduino in case the WS2812 shorts-out, or maybe in-case the LED strip is not powered. Otherwise, the data-input on the LED strip is super-high impedance/resistance so the resistor isn't doing much.

It's probably not necessary. The fuse is generally there to prevent a fire or "further damage" after something else shorts-out. The power supply probably has a fuse (or something) built-in, and there is a circuit breaker for the outlet in your house/buiding.

1 Like

  • Also, use a DMM and measure the voltage drop across the power feed wires to see what the voltage drop is.
    Suggest any more than 0.3V you should consider upping the wire thickness. You can do some experimenting.
2 Likes

Thank you for your advice :slight_smile:

Thank you for your advice, made me thinking :slight_smile:

Your advice made me thinking.
I thought that will be easy to have single cable.
I saw smaller led projects and you are right, they used multiple cables.
Why this should not be a single wire?

If you're really intent on doing this with a single pair of feeds, I'd suggest running a 1/2" or larger copper bus bar up each side of the display, one side feeding the +5 side of the LEDs, the other side feeding the GND side of the LEDs.
Feed those two bus bars with 1/0 wire (or larger) from your power supply.
But, again, it's far more practical to run the LED strips with individual feeds from some form of power distribution point. That you are asking these questions tells us you've never done this sort of thing before, and haven't worked with these currents, nor the difficulties of working with the size of wire required to do it right.

2 Likes

Yes you are right I'm newbe to that large project and looking for help :slight_smile:
I did testing with 5 meters strip and all is working with Arduino Mega and should work with 2500 leds.
The only thing to sort is that power connection.
Thank you for your advice.

  • As pointed out, a single wire is quite unwieldy.

  • Without knowing too much about your situation, suggest you do what myself and others have done and run something like 18AWG silicone insulated wire to strips individually.
    Of course if the strip is short, its power feed might be able to be combine at another strips power leads.

  • Look at this chart showing 18AWG, has 150 individual strands and is 39 ohms per km 0.117 ohms per 3 meters.

1 Like

Just beware! When you make connections that carry 20 amps or more, use properly sized crimp connectors and the correct tool to make the crimp. Do not use solder. A soldered terminal with high Amperes flowing through it has opportunity to get really hot and blow melted solder on equipment and people.

2 Likes

Safely fanning out the 150A into 10x15A could be tricky as well. Could one connect 10x12Ga to the terminals on the power supply connectors?

2 Likes

No! There are commercial terminal blocks with available jumpers that should be used.

2 Likes

Of course, but how does you connect the terminal blocks to the unspecified 5V 200A power supply? That's welder-sized amperage.

Amazon's currently selling a 5V 200A supply with some beefy lugs for $1800.

1 Like
  • Yes, should have mentioned that fusing might be a smart idea, fuses do have resistance too.

  • I’ve done a smaller project but elected to use multiple smaller amperage power supplies instead of one large one.

1 Like

Thank you. That indicates the OP should use arc welder cables. They have hundreds of very fine wire strands which makes them very flexible. And they are available everywhere at quite reasonable prices. Be sure to use colored tape on the cables so the + and the - wired do not get connected to the wrong terminals!

This is power supply I have.
This is enough power for 2500 leds using 150A on maximum brightness