Multiplexing code....

system · July 22, 2011, 3:24pm

On this Web address it gives a tutorial on how to make a LED cube,

with the code supplied i would like help understanding some part of it should i post this in the code section of the forum??

this is the part i need help with....
i understand this is for each LED but i dont understand how.....

B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 5,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 5,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
// flash each LED in sequence: 
// Left->Right column, then Top->Bottom row, then Upper->Lower plane
B100, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B010, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B001, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B100, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B010, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B001, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B100, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B010, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B001, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B100, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B010, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B001, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B100, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B010, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B100, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B010, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B100, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B010, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B100, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B010, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B100, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B010, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, 10,

// Some little cube - big cube fun 
B000, B000, B000, B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, 10,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 10,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, 5,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, 2,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, 2,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 2,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, 2,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, 2,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, 2,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, 1,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 1,
B110, B110, B000, B110, B110, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B100, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B110, B110, B000, B110, B110, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, 1,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 1,
B110, B110, B000, B110, B110, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B100, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B110, B110, B000, B110, B110, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 1,
B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B001, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B110, B110, B000, B110, B110, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B100, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B110, B110, B000, B110, B110, B000, 1,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 1,
B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B001, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B011, B011, B000, B011, B011, B000, B000, B000, 1,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B110, B110, B000, B110, B110, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B100, B000, B000, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B110, B110, B000, B110, B110, B000, 1,

// Diagonal wipe, starting in the center
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, 5,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B111, B101, B111, 1,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B101, B111, B111, B101, B111, 1,
B111, B111, B111, B111, B101, B111, B111, B100, B111, 1,
B111, B101, B111, B111, B100, B111, B111, B100, B110, 1,
B111, B101, B111, B111, B100, B111, B111, B100, B110, 1,
B111, B011, B111, B111, B100, B110, B111, B100, B100, 1,
B111, B100, B110, B111, B100, B100, B111, B100, B000, 1,
B111, B100, B100, B111, B100, B000, B111, B000, B000, 1,
B111, B100, B000, B111, B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, 1,
B111, B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, 1,

// 2-LED wide diaginal stripe that orbits the cube
B011, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, B000, B001, B001, 1,
B001, B001, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, B000, B011, 1,
B000, B001, B001, B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, B110, 1,
B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, B110, B000, B100, B100, 1,
B000, B000, B110, B000, B100, B100, B100, B100, B000, 1,
B000, B100, B100, B100, B100, B000, B110, B000, B000, 1,
B100, B100, B000, B110, B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, 1,
B110, B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, 1,

// Now, with center flashies, for flavor 
B011, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, B000, B011, B001, 1,
B001, B001, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, B000, B011, 1,
B000, B001, B001, B000, B000, B011, B000, B010, B110, 1,
B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, B110, B000, B100, B100, 1,
B000, B000, B110, B000, B100, B100, B100, B110, B000, 1,
B000, B100, B100, B100, B100, B000, B110, B000, B000, 1,
B100, B100, B000, B110, B000, B000, B011, B010, B000, 1,
B110, B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, 1,
B011, B000, B000, B001, B011, B000, B000, B001, B001, 1,
B001, B001, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, B000, B011, 1,
B000, B001, B001, B000, B010, B011, B000, B000, B110, 1,
B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, B110, B000, B100, B100, 1,
B000, B000, B110, B000, B110, B100, B100, B100, B000, 1,
B000, B100, B100, B100, B100, B000, B110, B000, B000, 1,
B100, B100, B000, B110, B010, B000, B011, B000, B000, 1,
B110, B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, 1,
B011, B010, B000, B001, B001, B000, B000, B001, B001, 1,
B001, B001, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, B000, B011, 1,
B000, B011, B001, B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, B110, 1,
B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, B110, B000, B100, B100, 1,
B000, B010, B110, B000, B100, B100, B100, B100, B000, 1,
B000, B100, B100, B100, B100, B000, B110, B000, B000, 1,
B100, B110, B000, B110, B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, 1,
B110, B000, B000, B011, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, 1,

// Wrapping up 
B001, B001, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, B000, B001, 1,
B001, B001, B000, B000, B001, B001, B000, B000, B001, 1,
B000, B001, B001, B000, B000, B001, B000, B000, B001, 1,
B000, B000, B001, B000, B000, B001, B000, B000, B001, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, B000, B000, B001, 1,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, 5,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 3,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, 5,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 3,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B001, 5,
B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, B000, 3,

Grumpy_Mike · July 22, 2011, 5:26pm

This isn't code it is just a pile of data statements. By itself it is meaningless. You have to post the actual code if you want help with it,

system · July 22, 2011, 6:22pm

can u look from the web site please because it wouldnt let me post it because it exceeded the character limit

Grumpy_Mike · July 22, 2011, 9:59pm

because it wouldnt let me post it because it exceeded the character limit

Yes that is because it has a huge ridiculous large data array, just post the code like this.
However Instructables is not the place to learn from. The quality control is none existent and any idiot can post what ever rubbish they want, if you are a beginner then I would advise you keep clear of it.
This is the code bit:-

/*
** Defining pins in array makes it easier to rearrange how cube is wired
** Adjust numbers here until LEDs flash in order - L to R, T to B
** Note that analog inputs 0-5 are also digital outputs 14-19!
** Pin DigitalOut0 (serial RX) and AnalogIn5 are left open for future apps
*/

int LEDPin[] = {16, 3, 1, 15, 4, 6, 14, 5, 7};
int PlanePin[] = {19, 18, 17};

// initialization
void setup()
{
int pin; // loop counter
// set up LED pins as output (active HIGH)
for (pin=0; pin<PLANESIZE; pin++) {
pinMode( LEDPin[pin], OUTPUT );
}
// set up plane pins as outputs (active LOW)
for (pin=0; pin<CUBESIZE; pin++) {
pinMode( PlanePin[pin], OUTPUT );
}
}

// display pattern in table until DisplayTime is zero (then repeat)
void loop()
{
// declare variables
byte PatternBuf[PLANESIZE]; // saves current pattern from PatternTable
int PatternIdx;
byte DisplayTime; // time*100ms to display pattern
unsigned long EndTime;
int plane; // loop counter for cube refresh
int patbufidx; // indexes which byte from pattern buffer
int ledrow; // counts LEDs in refresh loop
int ledcol; // counts LEDs in refresh loop
int ledpin; // counts LEDs in refresh loop

// Initialize PatternIdx to beginning of pattern table
PatternIdx = 0;
// loop over entries in pattern table - while DisplayTime>0
do {
// read pattern from PROGMEM and save in array
memcpy_P( PatternBuf, PatternTable+PatternIdx, PLANESIZE );
PatternIdx += PLANESIZE;
// read DisplayTime from PROGMEM and increment index
DisplayTime = pgm_read_byte_near( PatternTable + PatternIdx++ );
// compute EndTime from current time (ms) and DisplayTime
EndTime = millis() + ((unsigned long) DisplayTime) * TIMECONST;

// loop while DisplayTime>0 and current time < EndTime
while ( millis() < EndTime ) {
patbufidx = 0; // reset index counter to beginning of buffer
// loop over planes
for (plane=0; plane<CUBESIZE; plane++) {
// turn previous plane off
if (plane==0) {
digitalWrite( PlanePin[CUBESIZE-1], HIGH );
} else {
digitalWrite( PlanePin[plane-1], HIGH );
}

// load current plane pattern data into ports
ledpin = 0;
for (ledrow=0; ledrow<CUBESIZE; ledrow++) {
for (ledcol=0; ledcol<CUBESIZE; ledcol++) {
digitalWrite( LEDPin[ledpin++], PatternBuf[patbufidx] & (1 << ledcol) );
}
patbufidx++;
}

// turn current plane on
digitalWrite( PlanePin[plane], LOW );
// delay PLANETIME us
delayMicroseconds( PLANETIME );
} // for plane
} // while <EndTime
} while (DisplayTime > 0); // read patterns until time=0 which signals end
}

This is a really badly written piece of code, the author should be ashamed.

Basically it reads the pre defined bit patterns and lights the LEDs that are defined as 1 and turns off those defined as 0.

Do you have a specific question?

system · July 23, 2011, 11:12am

i dont really understand this do you suggest i try a more simple project or shall i push my self to try this???
is it as hard as people say?

Grumpy_Mike · July 23, 2011, 5:48pm

is it as hard as people say?

It's not hard but this is bad code, and one thing about bad code is that it is hard to understand.

It depends on what your current level of understanding is. Do you know what any of the commands do? If not then I would suggest you try some tutorials and get the feel for code, what it can do and what building blocks you have to play with.
Look at the functions you don't understand in the reference and read the description you find and try and see why it was used.

This code uses indexed arrays which I would say is a second level of code so it is not as easy to understand. Most beginners are usually a lot more comfortable with code before the start using arrays. The fact that you can't ask any specific questions and are just resorting to the genral suggests to me that you are not ready to try and tackle understanding this code.

system · July 24, 2011, 1:13am

okay thanks for the info and arrays??? ill look in to that yes i will learn more about code before tackling this project

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Multiplexing code....

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