If the resistors that sum-up to about 10K, that's 4.8mA. The Arduino itself has in input resistance of around 100 Megohms so essentially no current flows into the Arduino.
The zener has no effect when an opto is connected, but I just mean that with nothing connected to pin 8 and with the MOSFET being off, pin 8 will read 24V even though internally this signal is pulled to 48V through the 47K resistor.
In this case, the opto seems redundant. Could we see a link to your product's datasheet?