They can not be used like that. There are similar modules with a remote control and a receiver with a few outputs. Those have a chip that make a signal with a protocol that can be transmitted and received.
For example this one: https://www.banggood.com/Geekcreit-12V-4CH-Channel-433Mhz-Wireless-Remote-Control-Switch-Transceiver-Receiver-Module-p-960987.html (don't buy these, the receiver does not use a crystal).
This one seems to have a receiver with a crystal: https://www.banggood.com/DC-12V-10A-1CH-433MHz-Relay-Wireless-RF-Remote-Control-Switch-Receiver-With-Transmitter-p-1101046.html.
With your modules, you need an Arduino board for both the transmitter and receiver. The Arduino makes the signal with a specific protocol and can detect the signal. That will take a lot of effort, and the Arduino can not do many other things. This trouble is only with these modules.
Any other "normal" wireless module has a chip that makes the signal and protocol.
The Sparkfun Buying Guide shows a few, but there is so much more: Wireless Buying Guide - SparkFun Electronics.
Your modules need something as antenna. That is okay.
Your receiver uses a coil to tune the frequency. It is the green plastic thing with a screw on top and a coil inside. In the photo I see a orange wire close to the tuning coil. That influences the frequency. I suggest to only buy a receiver module that uses a crystal. Such as these: Wl102 433mhz wireless remote control transmitter module+rx470 433mhz rf wireless remote control receiver module Sale - Banggood.com sold out-arrival notice-arrival notice.
The receivers have a auto-gain feature. That means that when there is no signal, they amplify the signal until they receive noise. When an Arduino is used, the output of the receiver is connected to a interrupt of the Arduino. The Arduino could be handling about 2000 interrupts per second, and try to filter out valid data between the noise.
Your "tutorials"-link does not work. I try here: Simple wireless Door Bell using 433mhz receiver and transmitter | without Arduino - YouTube.
Well, I don't like that tutorial. Forget it.