Hi
I am not able to upload the S4a Firmware driver S4AFirmware15.ino in Uno IDE Environment
The error message is
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 10 of 10: not in sync: resp=0xb1
I am new to Scratch. interfaced with Arduino ( original) Uno
Pl help to resolve
Try S4AFirmware16.ino which is the current version of the S4A Firmware.
The further development of Scratch 4 Arduino (S4A) has been essentially stopped in favor of "Snap for Arduino", but even with this version your Arduino always has to be tethered to your S4A development computer be it a Windows PC, MacBook OSX or Linux PC. To get away from this tether (so your projects can run "stand-alone" without the USB connection to the computer) and to gain a lot more flexibility in i/o pin usage, you should look into BlocklyDuino and BlocklyDuino-Enhanced, which are essentially block-oriented language front ends to the Arduino IDE. This approach also serves as a "bridge language" to move your students from the S4A block oriented programming world over to the more traditional character oriented programming world of Arduino C (and from there to standard C/C++, and perhaps Java later on in a subsequent class).
Check out BlocklyDuino Enhanced on this website: easycoding.tn
Also while at easycoding.tn check out their TUNIOT programming language which is essentially BlocklyDuino ported to the ESP8266-based NodeMCU board, an inexpensive WiFi enabled MCU board. The TUNIOT set of programming blocks include many designed to allow you to easily build WiFi based web servers, web clients and WiFi access points. From here you can teach HTML, CSS and JavaScript and perhaps MQTT and other IoT protocols. TUNIOT is the easiest way into IoT projects that I have come across.
The sketch being used should have no impact on a sync error - you'd get it trying to upload blink.
Unfortunately that is a very generic error - it means that the IDE is talking to a serial port, but not getting the responses it expects. At this point the computer has essentially no way to get any other useful debugging information that might help you narrow down the possible causes. Occasionally you can get some clue from the pattern of responses it's seeing, but almost as often these are misleading. The causes of sync errors can range from selecting the wrong board (or COM port) to physical damage to the board, and practically anything in between. Stuff connected to pins 0 and 1 when you try to upload will cause this error too.