SD logging changes on battery power

Hi all! Thank you in advance for your help.

I am using an Arduino Micro to log data from 12 analog sensors to a micro SD card. When tethered to the computer over USB, the data both prints to the serial monitor and to the SD card fine. I have a forced delay of 10ms, so it logs approximately every 30ms. However, as soon as I plug in the battery and unplug the computer, the data only writes to the card every 10-13 seconds or so. Initially I used an alkaline 9V. My set up draws about 150mA, which should be fine for that type of battery. Suspecting power issues, I also tried a lithium 9V and 6 AA batteries, but it made no difference. I then suspected timing issues with writing to the card, so I played around with implementing different delays both at the end of the code and before I print my data string to the card. This also didn't really have an effect. Finally, I tried to print directly to the card after reading each sensor, rather than forming a data string. This changed my output but didn't solve the problem. Essentially, because I was opening and closing the connection to the SD card 12 times, while tethered the card wrote every 200ms. Once on battery power, that immediately jumped to every 2 seconds. The over all effect isn't as bad as before, but there is still an unexplained jump in time between logs while on battery power.

Here is the code when I form the data string

/*
  SD card datalogger
 
 This example shows how to log data from three analog sensors 
 to an SD card using the SD library.
 	
 The circuit:
 * analog sensors on analog ins 0, 1, and 2
 * SD card attached to SPI bus as follows:
 ** MOSI - pin 11
 ** MISO - pin 12
 ** CLK - pin 13
 ** CS - pin 4
 
 created  24 Nov 2010
 modified 9 Apr 2012
 by Tom Igoe
 
 This example code is in the public domain.
 	 
 */

#include <SD.h>

// On the Ethernet Shield, CS is pin 4. Note that even if it's not
// used as the CS pin, the hardware CS pin (10 on most Arduino boards,
// 53 on the Mega) must be left as an output or the SD library
// functions will not work.
const int chipSelect = 4;

void setup()
{
 // Open serial communications and wait for port to open:
  Serial.begin(9600);
   while (!Serial) {
    ; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for Leonardo only
  }


  Serial.print("Initializing SD card...");
  // make sure that the default chip select pin is set to
  // output, even if you don't use it:
  pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
  
  // see if the card is present and can be initialized:
  if (!SD.begin(chipSelect)) {
    Serial.println("Card failed, or not present");
    // don't do anything more:
    return;
  }
  Serial.println("card initialized.");
}

void loop()
{
  // make a string for assembling the data to log:
  String dataString = "";

  // read three sensors and append to the string:
  for (int analogPin = 0; analogPin < 12; analogPin++) {
    int sensor = analogRead(analogPin);
    dataString += String(sensor);
    if (analogPin < 12) {
      dataString += ","; 
    }
  }
  unsigned long time;
  time = millis();
  dataString += time;

  // open the file. note that only one file can be open at a time,
  // so you have to close this one before opening another.
  File dataFile = SD.open("datalog.txt", FILE_WRITE);

  // if the file is available, write to it:
  if (dataFile) {
    dataFile.println(dataString);
    dataFile.close();
    // print to the serial port too:
    Serial.println(dataString);
  }  
  // if the file isn't open, pop up an error:
  else {
    Serial.println("error opening datalog.txt");
  } 
  delay(10);
}

and here is my implementation of writing to the SD card each read, rather than forming a data string:

#include <SD.h>

// On the Ethernet Shield, CS is pin 4. Note that even if it's not
// used as the CS pin, the hardware CS pin (10 on most Arduino boards,
// 53 on the Mega) must be left as an output or the SD library
// functions will not work.
const int chipSelect = 4;

void setup()
{
 // Open serial communications and wait for port to open:
  Serial.begin(9600);
   while (!Serial) {
    ; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for Leonardo only
  }


  Serial.print("Initializing SD card...");
  // make sure that the default chip select pin is set to
  // output, even if you don't use it:
  pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
  
  // see if the card is present and can be initialized:
  if (!SD.begin(chipSelect)) {
    Serial.println("Card failed, or not present");
    // don't do anything more:
    return;
  }
  Serial.println("card initialized.");
}

void loop()
{
  // read sensors and append to the string:
  for (int analogPin = 0; analogPin < 12; analogPin++) {
    int sensor = analogRead(analogPin);
    if (analogPin < 12) {
       File dataFile = SD.open("datalog.txt", FILE_WRITE);
       dataFile.print(sensor);
       dataFile.print(",");
       dataFile.close();
    }
  }
  unsigned long time;
  time = millis();

  File dataFile = SD.open("datalog.txt", FILE_WRITE);
  dataFile.println(time);
  dataFile.close();

    // print to the serial port too:
    Serial.println(time);

  delay(50);
}

For my application, I'd like to log data very quickly, on the order of every 30ms. Any advice you can give as to why I might be having this problem would be greatly appreciated!