The first thing you need to know is that you're using an extremely outdated version of the Arduino IDE that was modified in unspecified ways by some 3rd party. This is because you used apt install arduino to install the Arduino IDE. You should never do that. Please remove that outdated thing and install the real Arduino IDE downloaded from this website:
The next thing to understand is that COM1 is the default port of the outdated Arduino IDE. So if you have never selected anything from the Tools > Port menu, it will automatically try to use COM1. That's pretty silly on a Linux system that doesn't name serial ports this way. That issue has been fixed in the modern Arduino IDE.
So after you install the new Arduino IDE, make sure to select the port of your Arduino board from the Tools > Port menu and don't worry when you don't see a "COM1" on the menu.