I am new to electronics but interested to learn more.
I do not have any sockets in the garrage to which I should have connected an adapter and arduino to power it on, setting one is expensive. Also, solar panel is a portable solution as I can set it up at different places for trial and error of my project.
I would like to powerup an arduino with an ultrasonic sensor and 7 segment display module using a solar panel that supplies power from car's headlights for functioning of this system/my project. How do I select the solar panel? Also, if there are any capacitors or any other electronic component to be soldered to hold the charge stable for the arduino, please let me know how much voltage and where to solder it.
I wouldn't expect much power from that. Certainly not enough to run an ultrasonic distance sensor and a LED display.
I sense that you want to know when the car (almost) touches the back wall of the garage.
Why don't you use a tennis ball on a string, hanging from the ceiling, that touches the front window of the car when the car touches the wall.
Leo..