The power can be 3.3V to 5.5V, but the SDA and SCL need a I2C bidirectional level shifter.
The same pins in Modbus mode allow up to 5.5V, so it is weird, but I suggest to follow the datasheet and use level shifters.
That is hard to tell. Maybe it does not matter at all. The datasheet has guaranteed safe numbers after all. No one knows the real limits. Maybe something inside can heat up. The Bosch sensors are less accurate with voltage levels that are too high. Some sensors stop working. It is vague. That is what the datasheet is for, to stay away from any vague situation.