Upload failure exit status 1 on the guest OS of Virtualbox

Official Hardware Nano Family Nano RP2040 Connect
1

I'm following the instructions on https://docs.arduino.cc/software/ide-v1/tutorials/getting-started/cores/arduino-mbed_nano#installing-the-mbed-os-core-for-nano-boards to upload a sketch to the Nano RP2040 Connect for the first time. Everything goes well except the last step.
The error message is:

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Before the upload, the power LED is on and 2 LEDs are blinking. After the upload, my board is disconnected. Only the power LED is on.

I have tried the methods on https://support.arduino.cc/hc/en-us/articles/6554944868252-Failed-uploading-uploading-error-exit-status-1 without success.

Meanwhile, with the same environment, I managed to upload a basic Blink sketch to an Arduino Uno board according to the official guide.

My environment:
Host OS: Debain Linux
Virtualbox 6.1
Guest OS: Windows 10
Arduino IDE 2.0.3

Thanks for advice!

2

Restart the board by pressing the button and try the upload again. If it doesn't work enter bootloader mode and upload the blink.ino.uf2 file from here. You can read the article for more information.

3

First, Thanks a lot for StrangePigeon79's timely repsonse! I tried to work temporarily on a real Windows 10 PC, not a Windows 10 in the virtualbox. I managed to update a basic Blink sketch. But the next sketch I wrote blocked the board accidentally and Windows can no longer recognize it.

Thanks to StrangePigeon's advice, in the real Windows environment I succeeded in factory resetting the board by uploading the blink.ino.uf2 file. Then I uploaded this sketch.

What still puzzles me is that when I go back to my initial Virtualbox environment, I can read the output of the sketch from the IDE's serial monitor. But I still cannot upload any sketch and I get the same error message like before. I'm wondering if the Debian USB drivers have some compatibility issue with Virtualbox to prevent uploading sketch from the guest OS.

4

I have found the cause.

As indicated here, the upload procedure relies on the Raspberry’s bootloader using a mass storage device. During an upload, the USB Serial is disabled and the USB storage is enabled. In the USB filters of the VirtualBox, the filter for the USB Serial connection is created, but the USB storage connection is not created.

I add a filter for the USB storage connection and it works!