12V circuit running even though transistor is installed

Hello

I'm trying to modify a CO2 circuit, using a K33 ELG (CO2 sensor) from SenseAir and a small 12V Radial blower.
I've been using the original setup (see attached), with some alterations. In in the original setup a blower was present, I tried to add a blower, which could turn on and off by the help of a transistor.

However, my blower is turned on all the time, and I register approximately 9-10V running through it at all time.
After reviewing my schematics, I assumed it was because of the K33 ELG sensor which was hooked up to VIN through a 10K and 20K resistor.

At the moment I've tried to solved the problem by just writing a simple code to turn on an off the transistor

void setup() {
  // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
  pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);   
  delay(10000);                       // wait for 10 seconds
  digitalWrite(7, LOW);   
  delay(10000);                       // wait for 10 seconds
}

I've tried isolating the problem by only supplying GND to the transistor, however with no luck.

My question is first of all, why is GND connected (through resistors) to the VIN, and is there a way I can turn the blower on and off anyways?

Parts information:
CO2 sensor K33 ELG SenseAir (link: K33 ELG | Senseair)
Powering sensor via Vbat+ 5.5-12 VDC
Current consumption: 250 µA (1 measurement/hour), 50 µA in sleep, 60mA average during active measurement sequence, <15 mA peak current, <250 mA on startup.

Radial blower (link https://docs.rs-online.com/704f/0900766b815de75f.pdf):
Nominal voltage: 12 VDC
Nominal current: 0.045 A
Rated power: 0.84 W

NPN Transistor BC337 (link: https://www.elfadistrelec.dk/Web/Downloads/_p/df/Diotec-BC337-16BK_eng_ger_tds.pdf)
Collector current: 800 mA

Much appreciated!
Jonas

If you switch a load with an NPN transistor, you need emitter to ground, collector to load.

You connected it backwards and probably destroyed it.

My page here shows different ways of controlling a motor.

I'd suggest you use circuit #3 on that page. I have tested it, it does work.

While transistors CAN in special circumstances be used "upside down" (after all its NPN) its not something to do randomly. And as MarkT says you have likely destroyed the transistor. And perhaps D7 - so I'd check that.

Thanks a bunch both of you!
Rookie mistake here.

However if I switch around as @MarkT proposed, the blower is still going even though it should be off, drawing around ~17-19 mA.

I haven't tried your suggestion @johnerrington, however it seemed a bit overkill as I just want to be able to turn the motor full on or full off.

I played around with the setup, using a MOSFET IRLB8721 instead and it worked as a charm, however this seems a bit overkill? Could it be due to the transistor not being able to handle the 12V?

Sorry if you misunderstood jonass, the way PWM works is it turns a load FULL ON or FULL OFF but because its pulsed rather fast (normally) the device can be speed (or bightness ) controlled.

However the SAME CIRCUIT works just as well if connected to any digital output for on/off control.

I played around with the setup, using a MOSFET IRLB8721 instead and it worked as a charm

so why not just use that? I looked for lower power MOSFETS they arent easy to come by and the power MOSFETS are cheap as chips so why bother?

The blower should be ON (all time) per the schematic.

If it was mine: in regard to the BC337 (NPN). & the blower, I swap the Collector/ emitter connections as if I flip vertically the BC337 (on the schematic.)

Thank you all for the help!
I tried swapping the emitter and collector, however ran into the same problem.

I then tried using a MOSFET 2N7000 which worked perfectly, so I think I'll be going with the 2N7000.

Thanks a bunch, once again!

As I said you probably fried the NPN transistor, they really don't like being connected with
the base-emitter voltage backwards (in fact it normally destroys the device instantly).

I strongly recommend double checking all circuits before applying power - one small
mistake can destroy things like this.

Hello,
In the second drawing you connect VIN to GND
VIN = barrel connector input from before the voltage regulator.
So i think this is a short circuit.
What the voltage dividers are doing over there (R1 and R2) between 2 GND connections is also something I do not understand.

Mixing power and control circuits are in many cases a cause for trouble and headaches. There is a simple and reliable solution for your problem that does not require any transistors, voltage dividers or whatever.

Use a DC solid state relay driven by an (integrated) optocoupler. These things you can buy off the shelve. For 5€, you are there. On the one hand you drive the SSR (solid state relay) with your arduino (PWM based). And on the other side, you connect the 12 or whatever volts DC for your motor. As both circuits can be electrically separated, there is no interference.

I used this solution to drive DC peristaltic pumps and made an extensive (40 page step by step document) about it.
So, connect your sensors to your Arduino, make a separate power section driven by the solid state relay, and it will work as you want it to.

https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/394412/dosing-peristaltic-pump-pwm-ssr-hx711-scale-and-an-fsm-da9b06?ref=user&ref_id=1793316&offset=0

Best regards,
Johi.

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