At this time on Sunday evening, just before putting my notebook to sleep, I can only express one quick guess:
Your 3.3V supply may be too weak. I would need to check the Nano ESP32 specs.
With my ESP32 boards, e.g. Wemos Lolin 32, I use a separate LDO for 3.3V (AMS1117) for the bigger e-paper displays.
-jz-
No, I don't recommend to use an UNO R4 with e-paper displays, as you would need level converters for the connection to the e-paper.
The LDO (low dropout series regulator) is easy to use. It has just 3 connections, Vin, Vout, and GND. You connect 5V to Vin, GND to GND, and get 3.3V on Vout (for a LDO for 3.3V such as AMS1117).
-jz-
Do I understand your posts correctly? You got one refresh of the display the first time, but it didn't look good, and now you don't get any refresh anymore?
The BUSY time for refresh is ok, I had got a value of 12468000us when I created the driver class.
I assume you have measured the 3.3V VCC value, and it was ok?
The display panel has a broad FPC connector, 50 pins, compared to the usual 24 pins of most other SPI e-paper displays. It is important that the connector is fitted well to the DESPI-C73. There is a black lever on the opposite side of the connector, that needs be pulled up before inserting and aligning the flexible connector. And then it needs be pushed down firmly, to get good contact.
I have no other ideas.
But you could run the GxEPD2_Example with your display, and take a look at diagnostic output.
-jz-
I forgot to ask if you have checked all your DuPont wires.
I have been lucky so far, only few were bad.
But these are a common source of problems. I happens easily that the isolation is crimped instead of the bare wire.