I've looked all over for a solution to this problem, but I'm stumped. Basically, here's what I want to do:
In case you don't know, use sketch → export compiled binary as an easy way to get the hex file. It creates a build directory (which contains the files) in the sketch directory
Do you have links (or documentation) for those 'things'?
I think I found it; is this the user manual? T56_TL866II USER GUIDE
yup, I was just about to send that exact link
here's XGecu's page for the product manuals and software: download software or data sheet about TL866 and ET7190
well, okay, not that exact link, but the official XGecu copy -- it's still the same file, though
When I try that, the chip doesn't do anything. I think it might need another step or a different type of compiling for the ATmega328P to understand it directly.
The problem can be the hardware that incorporates the 328P or your code. So please provide a full description of the project and the schematic where your 328P is incorporated; use a modified version (to match your hardware) of the blink sketch for testing purposes.
Your first problem might be the clock:
As a result, your will get a hex file that matches the clock frequency.
Further you might have to set fuses; a new 328P has factory defaults which might not match your design.
The circuit is the ATmega328P, with GND connected to 0V and VCC, AVCC, and AREF connected to 5V. On PB0 (Pin 14), there is the anode of an LED, with the cathode connected to 0V through a 220Ω resistor. The attached image shows the state of the fuses -- it is currently running off the internal 8MHz oscillator, with the CKDIV8 fuse not set. During programming, the chip is removed from the circuit and installed into the integrated ZIF socket of the TL866II+ and the HEX file is written directly to the ATmega328P.
EDIT: how do I add images?
For reference, here's the process I go through to put the program onto the chip:
If I'm programming the chip directly with the HEX file, I don't think the clock frequency matters -- the program will just run half as fast (internal 8MHz RC osc as opposed to Arduino Uno's 16MHz crystal)
The clock frequency can matter; e.g. baud rates will be wrong. Hence the suggestion to use blink for testing purposes.
I'm not that familiar with fuse settings, maybe somebody else can help. I will however try to find time to have a look
The clock frequency of the chip wouldn't affect the programming process -- the TL866II+ synchronizes with the chip, and verifies that it passes the data correctly. The only thing frequency affects is execution speed, which wouldn't cause problems with blinking an LED, which is what my circuit does.
I know that 
Decoupling capacitors?
There's a 0.1F supercapacitor across the power rails
And what does your sketch look like?
For the Uno Board Type, PB0 would be controlled via digitalWrite(8, ....) for example. Is that what you're doing?
Yes, the program is
void setup() {
pinMode(PB0, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(PB0, LOW);
delay(250);
digitalWrite(PB0, HIGH);
delay(250);
}
That doesn’t do what you think it does.
PB0 is a bit number (value: 0), not an arduino “PIN number”.
…oh.
Once I get home, I’ll try that and see if it works.
It works! Changing the pin number was the solution, but before it could work, I was probing around and realized that the GND on pin 22 didn't actually connect to ground. The one on pin 8 works, though, so I'm just connecting that instead.