Increasing sensitivity of geophone signal

Remember the link I gave you?

here is the first part of the circuit. You can build it on breadboard.

Noise and signal are separated by a process called "filtering". The Ole Wolf circuit provides that filtering. You connect the geophone at JP1 and the output from pin 1 of the op amp connects to your ADC.

The TLV2462 will be suitable - but you need to build the circuit above - or similar - around it.

More info on using op amps here