If the loopback test fails on the 'different computer' for one Mega, there is something wrong in the path from the PC through the 16U2 micro (the 'usb' micro) back to the PC.
I think it's safe to exclude the cable; so that leaves bad contacts (including bad soldering) on the board or a 16U2 that has lost its code.
You might want to provide some details for those in the know (I'm not one of them).
OS and IDE version on both PCs?
Are the Megas genuine or clones?